tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-27642976911661527972024-03-16T00:06:51.913-07:00Dittrick MuseumDittrick Museumhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/05616310553592460262noreply@blogger.comBlogger69125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-36591027973595996592013-06-20T05:40:00.002-07:002013-06-20T05:40:20.923-07:00Dittrick Museum Blog's New Home<strong>Important News!</strong><br />
<br />
The Dittrick Museum Blog is changing its address! First, let us thank you for joining us here over the past few years--this present web log will remain active as the archive of fascinating posts from inception to January 2013. Second, we invite you to join us at our new home: <a href="http://dittrickmuseumblog.com/">http://dittrickmuseumblog.com/</a><br />
<br />
The new site includes all the posts from 2013, plus links to the archives and new pages where we include information about the museum (and later, events). The searchable categories make finding new features easy. Come have a stroll around the new <a href="http://dittrickmuseumblog.com/" target="_blank">domain</a>--and don't forget to follow us on twitter @DittrickMuseum!<br />
<br />
Best,<br />
<br />
Your friends at the Dittrick Museum of Medical HistoryJim Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02253146051523199104noreply@blogger.com16tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-11325224741724309622013-05-30T06:36:00.001-07:002013-05-30T06:36:15.915-07:00Hot off the presses! : Medical Museums: Past, Present, Future
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Just yesterday we received
copies of <i><a href="http://www.rcseng.ac.uk/museums/shop/books/medical_museums" target="_blank">Medical Museums: Past, Present, Future</a></i>, published by the Royal
College of Surgeons of England to mark the 200<sup>th</sup> anniversary of
their museum opening. The origin of the
RCSE museum may be traced to the acquisition of John Hunter’s anatomy and
pathology collections in 1799. The
College had just purchased property on Lincoln’s Inn Fields and would soon build
its new home there, incorporating gallery space for Hunter’s collections. The doors opened in May 1813 and the
Hunterian remains a distinguished medical museum today, having most recently
(2005) been re-opened in a beautifully renovated setting at the College.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">All this and the fascinating stories
behind fifteen leading museums, authored by associated curators, directors, and historians, have been capably edited by Sam
Alberti and Elizabeth Hallam, and lavishly presented in a handsome volume. The
Dittrick was included along with three other American medical museums, and
eleven from across the UK and Europe.
Our contribution benefitted from the wonderful photography of Dittrick
assistant curator Laura Travis.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; text-align: justify;">We’ll be offering this book as a bonus to new and renewed membership in the Friends of the Dittrick Museum. Details to follow. In the meantime, here's a selection of Laura Travis's photography for the book: </span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3HoKNIl3E5GJndOJW2a2zDKzMWxu6JqKQe9eo6sBZL6UyAnsmXm5pj4Ia9naEFvMKPSail4uzEVsHQMWWl1_pqPNM5wzgXpuYA0M8l5MWMTn6dwfF275A00j1IXZskUpcOmdv0sVS3E8C/s1600/Edmonson-Fig-5a-blog.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: Arial; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="396" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3HoKNIl3E5GJndOJW2a2zDKzMWxu6JqKQe9eo6sBZL6UyAnsmXm5pj4Ia9naEFvMKPSail4uzEVsHQMWWl1_pqPNM5wzgXpuYA0M8l5MWMTn6dwfF275A00j1IXZskUpcOmdv0sVS3E8C/s400/Edmonson-Fig-5a-blog.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Drawing by H. F. Aitken</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLuZRP8b2IDDKYNJkHJ-b-5lBGf6ZHs0dGj4230ox1GG7m_Zzgimux6TUjbWrMiimdslF81PXYRr6lE_2MeEMqzFWM-ZG1d6YOqz4wBG7NWATNZIHjN4UXlLkgpIFklB3RK-CcpJ_CnoGo/s1600/Edmonson-Fig-6a-blog.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLuZRP8b2IDDKYNJkHJ-b-5lBGf6ZHs0dGj4230ox1GG7m_Zzgimux6TUjbWrMiimdslF81PXYRr6lE_2MeEMqzFWM-ZG1d6YOqz4wBG7NWATNZIHjN4UXlLkgpIFklB3RK-CcpJ_CnoGo/s400/Edmonson-Fig-6a-blog.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Selection of mid 19th century contraceptives <br />and associated advice literature<br />from the Percy Skuy Collection</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmCDkeA0ROpAFS-ZC7ImyNvSMTKChQa8xY_ziqQpiq1_Hn1lR0fd6_hZ9bioohYU9gU9Nd1Tr62HEEwhfbr1E5abA9FY-0vXkl1NQeMhzQeaTyMRwPr2dnjz4ScikQjHZwkaWW4fYGTELw/s1600/Edmonson-Fig-8a-blog.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmCDkeA0ROpAFS-ZC7ImyNvSMTKChQa8xY_ziqQpiq1_Hn1lR0fd6_hZ9bioohYU9gU9Nd1Tr62HEEwhfbr1E5abA9FY-0vXkl1NQeMhzQeaTyMRwPr2dnjz4ScikQjHZwkaWW4fYGTELw/s400/Edmonson-Fig-8a-blog.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Midwifery manikin, c.1780</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNfXmDTG6bD285PrxvOIqiHMp-ygi62fzzqsFlBjm5FluAYeKnjshY_opvWrbAsGN0chBPSR2t2NMGNt8Mx0cfiMXCMJDDMBnuR7bNI7WCJ4MTmfUkmaKYv_oRvUH0QXil44uVlodhFHx_/s1600/Edmonson-Fig-9a-blog.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNfXmDTG6bD285PrxvOIqiHMp-ygi62fzzqsFlBjm5FluAYeKnjshY_opvWrbAsGN0chBPSR2t2NMGNt8Mx0cfiMXCMJDDMBnuR7bNI7WCJ4MTmfUkmaKYv_oRvUH0QXil44uVlodhFHx_/s400/Edmonson-Fig-9a-blog.jpg" width="390" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Modified Laennec stethoscope, c.1834 and <br />first image of the stethoscope in use, <br />from <i>Dictionnaire des sciences medicales</i>, 1819</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8CgrtFAUmRtFGczKff6ehS05iX9n9tcnsWE9YxqYlE_OBQa-wH5L0c8eNBOqDURCa1GKUTbf4mUdbWUuHLyZmzp_BTqIfWrfeUsCwunxNfaXpQgyA7b9d3TsFIyYGSZs83Ii27wBGJibu/s1600/Edmonson-Fig-9c-blog.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8CgrtFAUmRtFGczKff6ehS05iX9n9tcnsWE9YxqYlE_OBQa-wH5L0c8eNBOqDURCa1GKUTbf4mUdbWUuHLyZmzp_BTqIfWrfeUsCwunxNfaXpQgyA7b9d3TsFIyYGSZs83Ii27wBGJibu/s400/Edmonson-Fig-9c-blog.jpg" width="335" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rogers sphygmomanometer, c.1920<br />from the M. Donald Blaufox collection</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy4e95_r1xt8VkF02P6lSG_48JTX1Er51lOmiJRpyY40qEVtjJOg9pdhfvJzJkCayCxLOMEkL2aQs_Y5Cjmk-1Sh8JNApxS5PBab6pebeUcJDKEBtaMS7j3Y-bfvV79wJI_TABJkAWfarv/s1600/Edmonson-Fig-9d-blog.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy4e95_r1xt8VkF02P6lSG_48JTX1Er51lOmiJRpyY40qEVtjJOg9pdhfvJzJkCayCxLOMEkL2aQs_Y5Cjmk-1Sh8JNApxS5PBab6pebeUcJDKEBtaMS7j3Y-bfvV79wJI_TABJkAWfarv/s400/Edmonson-Fig-9d-blog.jpg" width="275" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Percussion and reflex hammers.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<!--EndFragment-->Jim Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02253146051523199104noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-78956460768678691582013-05-27T20:29:00.000-07:002013-05-27T20:29:12.165-07:00Dittrick at Pecha Kucha Cleveland 2013<br />
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<span class="hascaption"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzEZ3yvEWxNOWODX3BngDkE__pxYCk_XL6wh_RYJaxgL2D1JMNAIOPeed99r2Pa7ZAxhtx0qMVaEowoZRV6Tv_NHAOpySRB12XnipugfF4Zb4x16s8_JAUBS1JDJ-2WTRE3IHDZqw9g9m1/s1600/217363_10151971171939741_1663842304_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzEZ3yvEWxNOWODX3BngDkE__pxYCk_XL6wh_RYJaxgL2D1JMNAIOPeed99r2Pa7ZAxhtx0qMVaEowoZRV6Tv_NHAOpySRB12XnipugfF4Zb4x16s8_JAUBS1JDJ-2WTRE3IHDZqw9g9m1/s400/217363_10151971171939741_1663842304_n.jpg" width="400" /></a><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></div>
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<span class="hascaption"><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">On last Friday night, I presented
the Percy Skuy contraceptive<a href="http://www.case.edu/affil/skuyhistcontraception/index.html" target="_blank"> collection</a> at <a href="https://www.facebook.com/PKNCleveland" target="_blank">Pecha Kucha Cleveland</a>, an event for architects,
designers, artists, artisans, and many other creative folk, attended by 300+ at
the House of Blues. The invitation came
from <a href="http://www.youngincle.com/p/about.html" target="_blank">Aseem Garg</a>, CWRU grad student interning with my daughter Patty at the Cleveland Museum of
Art – he was sold after seeing my <a href="http://www.case.edu/artsci/dittrick/museum/history-condoms.html" target="_blank">video</a> from the Trojan Co., which aired in
February. We (12 presenters) each shared
20 slides, limited to just 20 seconds of commentary. If and when the Pecha Kucha video is
available, I'll share. </span></span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Best thing about the evening was sharing it with Patty and
Ted, and then having several appreciative 20-somethings say "Man, you really
nailed it!" -- and, I got to go first, so I could enjoy the rest of the evening's
events. </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">What
a great load of super creative Clevelanders!</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">Gives one ample hope for the city’s future.</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">
</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">And connecting the Dittrick to a younger audience is priceless.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Photos from <a href="https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10151971170724741.1073741853.290853719740&type=1" target="_blank">Frank J. Lanza Photography</a><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Me at center, with Patty and Ted on my left</span></div>
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<!--EndFragment-->Jim Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02253146051523199104noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-24975248873378031752013-05-07T17:32:00.000-07:002013-05-08T17:45:05.963-07:00Medical Paris, 1852<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheEzEs4SRli_E6N1aZNFXiGWVyXB1UTPAvt1BbuSbk_M94AME4vbGLsJ2YYUg9FwSBzsiNaHEMnGU3_pbukquBpaG7rEALNFBWt0zXaK1hcyxYCNNWGt-3jOI0DslkYPSUgt131zoaE3ew/s1600/Paris_a%CC%80_vol_d'oiseau,_Illustration,_1852.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="246" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEheEzEs4SRli_E6N1aZNFXiGWVyXB1UTPAvt1BbuSbk_M94AME4vbGLsJ2YYUg9FwSBzsiNaHEMnGU3_pbukquBpaG7rEALNFBWt0zXaK1hcyxYCNNWGt-3jOI0DslkYPSUgt131zoaE3ew/s400/Paris_a%CC%80_vol_d'oiseau,_Illustration,_1852.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">I’ve enjoyed reading David
McCullough’s <i><a href="http://www.newrepublic.com/book/review/david-mccullough-greater-journey-americans-paris#" target="_blank">The Greater Journey: Americans in Paris</a></i> (2011), somewhat to my own surprise. Not that he’s a bad author in any way, but I
have sometimes been disappointed by the “history-lite” tone of some of his
writing (<i>1776 </i>is the most flagrant
example that comes to mind). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">But <i>The Greater Journey</i> does not disappoint in this manner. It delves into the experience of Americans
drawn to Paris in the 19<span style="font-size: x-small;">th</span> century, including a legion of American
medical students and doctors flocking to Paris between 1815 and 1860. Having read John Harley Warner’s masterful </span><i><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Against the
Spirit of System: The French Impulse in Nineteenth-Century American Medicine </span></i><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(2003), I fully expected McCullough to have simply creamed off the best
of John’s work. Somehow it didn’t read
that way and I can heartily recommend <i>The Greater Journey</i>. I was actually sorry to finish the book!
Perhaps I’m a softy, however. I spent a
seminal year in Paris, researching my dissertation on a Fulbright, and I
cherish very fond memories of that time. So McCullough’s book really resonates.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Additionally, it led me to uncover some marvelous views
of medical Paris in the 1850s, as found in <i><a href="http://books.google.com/books/about/Tableau_de_Paris.html?id=2H_1737X6GkC" target="_blank">Tableau de Paris</a></i> by Edmond
Texier.
The first volume of <i>Tableau</i> appeared in 1852 and featured not
only images of the school, but a glimpse of the lives of medical students,
which I found utterly charming. This
remarkable work, issued in two volumes (1852-1853) by Paulin and Le Chevalier,
featured 1500 plates engraved from drawings by
</span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Blanchard,
Cham, Champin, Forest, Français, Gavarni, Gérard-Séguin, J.J. Grandville, Lami,
Pauquet, Renard, Roussel, Valentin, Vernet, and others. Edward Valentin and Edouard Renard executed most of the medical
school drawings. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE7z5aJ5pttjgXAHdqOai-TrHSpwqCDRAxffKcjv0VqpAwZGkAOCuNLuftkN6Z5cKYfGf4SVNs6GKDA6ovzzNdvK5XQnUnonq-8stCFJi7AFtMfEODqKeJyJQMWWGTKLWD6STeW1rPnHln/s1600/ecole+med+exterieur.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE7z5aJ5pttjgXAHdqOai-TrHSpwqCDRAxffKcjv0VqpAwZGkAOCuNLuftkN6Z5cKYfGf4SVNs6GKDA6ovzzNdvK5XQnUnonq-8stCFJi7AFtMfEODqKeJyJQMWWGTKLWD6STeW1rPnHln/s400/ecole+med+exterieur.jpg" width="400" /></a><br />
Vue extérieure de l<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'<span style="font-size: 12px;">É</span>c</span>ole de médecine de Paris.<br />
<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeeD-30nJiXzg0Uj-uKRzxm6UKewUCTyGt4kLeoqTaSThe8s-Jui9_QVFCHMs9LjY5kwkKF88iRnzVl5POJLP7sIusxpJswC6nfExPN5-7W1PJGiCrgAsDUDU9Y_J5vVWvjtQFwXjWks1a/s1600/amphitheatre+low+res.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="362" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjeeD-30nJiXzg0Uj-uKRzxm6UKewUCTyGt4kLeoqTaSThe8s-Jui9_QVFCHMs9LjY5kwkKF88iRnzVl5POJLP7sIusxpJswC6nfExPN5-7W1PJGiCrgAsDUDU9Y_J5vVWvjtQFwXjWks1a/s400/amphitheatre+low+res.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
Le grand amphithéâtre.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixDpdMRbN7VSElF2VbwzxNxKLM64PDtpbFloVX98Ypx7U_HbTVNiD2IH5I1GSUDkPZZMH8W5rbB3LqXRpC0CxElzjjx5-5zcVnRGjN6OkIOgbw7SrHgyZhN2mFkp3EGzVyp4D73Sesrj2y/s1600/salle+des+instruments2+low+res.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="386" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixDpdMRbN7VSElF2VbwzxNxKLM64PDtpbFloVX98Ypx7U_HbTVNiD2IH5I1GSUDkPZZMH8W5rbB3LqXRpC0CxElzjjx5-5zcVnRGjN6OkIOgbw7SrHgyZhN2mFkp3EGzVyp4D73Sesrj2y/s400/salle+des+instruments2+low+res.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Un examen dans la salle des instruments.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQsoHv2uXMF2mmU0G4CTq7eUcQr1OOAieN2lzTxmkeny95dsp2YdkVr5BFROlSqFhlpG_GqYkgxQL9YXo0eiDNFp6PCk7tqn38eZtMVcDH0v3WGLiRXqQ2Fcq7uetgLmQZVWrwiMaenn6y/s1600/cabinet+danatomie+comparee+low+res.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQsoHv2uXMF2mmU0G4CTq7eUcQr1OOAieN2lzTxmkeny95dsp2YdkVr5BFROlSqFhlpG_GqYkgxQL9YXo0eiDNFp6PCk7tqn38eZtMVcDH0v3WGLiRXqQ2Fcq7uetgLmQZVWrwiMaenn6y/s400/cabinet+danatomie+comparee+low+res.jpg" width="306" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Intérieur du cabinet d'anatomie comparée.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIAP6hjssapI0llukyj5kQyurBYSH99EYrzYpJSNug6bSbmC0UC2NvAc9yN6iNGsicJzdlXmYyyqHkWJC5GtOraYnykm_eNA-o7c7N0IPUY2WvFzXjBG1y3KQYxVXHU4OhmK36ksDxpyNJ/s1600/la+galarie+danatomie+comparee2+low+res.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIAP6hjssapI0llukyj5kQyurBYSH99EYrzYpJSNug6bSbmC0UC2NvAc9yN6iNGsicJzdlXmYyyqHkWJC5GtOraYnykm_eNA-o7c7N0IPUY2WvFzXjBG1y3KQYxVXHU4OhmK36ksDxpyNJ/s400/la+galarie+danatomie+comparee2+low+res.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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La galerie d'anatomie comparée.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><b>Student
life</b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">From the text, describing life outside the classroom, lecture hall, or dissection room:</span></span></div>
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<span class="hps"><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i>Ordinarily</i></span></span><span lang="EN" style="font-family: Arial; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><i> <span class="hps">the room of a medical</span> <span class="hps">student</span> <span class="hps">is</span>
found <span class="hps">perched</span> on a <span class="hps">landing reached by a</span>
<span class="hps">dark, winding staircase</span>, <span class="hps">which begins</span>
<span class="hps">at the bottom of</span> <span class="hps">a narrow</span> <span class="hps">and obscure</span> <span class="hps">passage. It is furnished</span> <span class="hps">in patriarchal</span> <span class="hps">simplicity</span>: bed, <span class="hps">table,</span> <span class="hps">chairs,</span> <span class="hps">and</span>
also a <span class="hps">wardrobe and</span> <span class="hps">a</span> <span class="hps">secretary</span> <span class="hps">usually</span> <span class="hps">covered
with</span> <span class="hps">human</span> <span class="hps">bones.</span> <span class="hps">This is the</span> <span class="hps">look of the room</span> of <span class="hps">the young</span> <span class="hps">student</span>: <span class="hps">a</span>
<span class="hps">full</span> <span class="hps">complement of</span> <span class="hps">mortuary</span> <span class="hps">ornamentation</span> <span class="hps">that
serves as</span> <span class="hps">the</span> <span class="hps">teaching</span> <span class="hps">material for his profession.</span> <span class="hps">A</span> <span class="hps">skull</span> <span class="hps">serves as</span> <span class="hps">tobacco
pot,</span> <span class="hps">another as a</span> <span class="hps">candlestick;
bones pleasingly</span> <span class="hps">arranged as a cross or</span> <span class="hps">saltire. The richest</span>
student <span class="hps">possesses</span> <span class="hps">a</span> child’s <span class="hps">skeleton mounted by his own hand. But</span> <span class="hps">be not
afraid</span>. <span class="hps">Laughter,</span> <span class="hps">joy,</span> <span class="hps">juvenile</span> <span class="hps">exuberance</span> <span class="hps">prevail
in</span> <span class="hps">the middle of this</span> <span class="hps">funerary</span>
<span class="hps">equipment.</span> <span class="hps">Sometimes</span> <span class="hps">you’ll see a woman’s hat sitting between a denuded tibia and the
debris</span> <span class="hps">of</span> a <span class="hps">spinal column,</span>
<span class="hps">or</span> <span class="hps">a</span> <span class="hps">shawl</span>
<span class="hps">thrown</span> <span class="hps">carelessly</span> <span class="hps">on the</span> <span class="hps">table</span> <span class="hps">covered
with</span> <span class="hps">bones</span>, paper, and extinguished tobacco <span class="hps">pipes</span>. <span class="hps">But
his usual occupations</span> <span class="hps">are so</span> <span class="hps">repulsive</span>
<span class="hps">to</span> <span class="hps">the fair sex,</span> <span class="hps">that</span>
he must muster all <span class="hps">his</span> <span class="hps">cleverness</span>
<span class="hps">and</span> mastery of amorous endeavor, <span class="hps">if he
hopes to</span> <span class="hps">overcome</span> <span class="hps">the disgust</span>
<span class="hps">that always accompanies</span> <span class="hps">his</span> <span class="hps">medical</span> <span class="hps">matter</span>.</i><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLq_Mx_C3J3c9MJU7QXIyyKrg4LBn8n8znzN2dNI5ZNQDWqlXNV4Fkb6oE27KbRkTU7JiorxyREGGg4QHlxEQBj1LGRLN2c0PY_fxmcy0G8f5O7lh0gPE3WyjCcGOT5b3WIxEUctN9WAkm/s1600/IMG_1987+low+res.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLq_Mx_C3J3c9MJU7QXIyyKrg4LBn8n8znzN2dNI5ZNQDWqlXNV4Fkb6oE27KbRkTU7JiorxyREGGg4QHlxEQBj1LGRLN2c0PY_fxmcy0G8f5O7lh0gPE3WyjCcGOT5b3WIxEUctN9WAkm/s400/IMG_1987+low+res.jpg" width="287" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
Chambre garnie.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDbG_PcXkTlUH9v33xFgTE0xR1ZS18ZHF_HqXsGzsqkjrrLqmmucxbXPs-k0em6h2_wyhD0sDpykGK4wCsTMWGwhqOUy7qlN3TKMJZ4hxrLs5dhycnp4JeN2FTCb32RGIiC7Cus5GoORSe/s1600/un+oncle+mort+tres+jeune+low+res.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDbG_PcXkTlUH9v33xFgTE0xR1ZS18ZHF_HqXsGzsqkjrrLqmmucxbXPs-k0em6h2_wyhD0sDpykGK4wCsTMWGwhqOUy7qlN3TKMJZ4hxrLs5dhycnp4JeN2FTCb32RGIiC7Cus5GoORSe/s400/un+oncle+mort+tres+jeune+low+res.jpg" width="291" /></a></div>
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Un oncle mort très-jeune.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDKGnJhObjFLTJ3ZJuuUzgftX8P6Ozf3WZav1Dnf0B_JAHU1vVSGDshA4eQF-TT3WXHTsqU3JSuf1t3oP6gvx_WK0VoNfneF1XYjhJq0gUILTR18NW9nSj3Qxne9A5f58oGd2XBrNL6CrM/s1600/IMG_1983+low+res+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDKGnJhObjFLTJ3ZJuuUzgftX8P6Ozf3WZav1Dnf0B_JAHU1vVSGDshA4eQF-TT3WXHTsqU3JSuf1t3oP6gvx_WK0VoNfneF1XYjhJq0gUILTR18NW9nSj3Qxne9A5f58oGd2XBrNL6CrM/s400/IMG_1983+low+res+copy.jpg" width="310" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Traitement des vapeurs.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLrSaHLO9B9qRBLkTBeU_7qPRIEs94o3ifcPIwRW__TOGtamVCR0UMA0_S5_Y1fEn_Razsd0SFHHHcu5D2Kceb4USIJN-x19BWRPmigQKha5aQoiKFwEx7FFlsJEqN5CTDISrCbsffwGi_/s1600/IMG_1985+low+res+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLrSaHLO9B9qRBLkTBeU_7qPRIEs94o3ifcPIwRW__TOGtamVCR0UMA0_S5_Y1fEn_Razsd0SFHHHcu5D2Kceb4USIJN-x19BWRPmigQKha5aQoiKFwEx7FFlsJEqN5CTDISrCbsffwGi_/s400/IMG_1985+low+res+copy.jpg" width="270" /></a></div>
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Anatomie comparée.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">The hospital scene is also captured, notably the now long-gone Hotel Dieu that occupied the </span>
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<!--StartFragment--> <span style="font-family: Arial;">Île
de la cit</span><span style="font-family: 'Lucida Grande';">é</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">, in front of Notre Dame, along the banks of the Seine. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmrfmYI5yjMznQBNfsarc25-pg650tHfzdXrFdsM1Ostb-T2vfvjO_XrLhJgUohV6vKllTmbwKQEBfjMOOiPYaUu58aoUumdCe88zrkaV08_d21IojE9Qb14gAnciSDuVjmNEwDm1LxyhO/s1600/hotel+dieu+low+res+copy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmrfmYI5yjMznQBNfsarc25-pg650tHfzdXrFdsM1Ostb-T2vfvjO_XrLhJgUohV6vKllTmbwKQEBfjMOOiPYaUu58aoUumdCe88zrkaV08_d21IojE9Qb14gAnciSDuVjmNEwDm1LxyhO/s400/hotel+dieu+low+res+copy.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Hotel Dieu</div>
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demolition for bridge construction</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY7T9pMYGniOt8t7oj3iS122xXFsxQGBDLX9aKdoEl3MFBRzuhaZmyaNByOMSknoaMX2o6NIBpckUsEcoAftE3EkOItxvsXMsIxijpfG572YQ6C8iY6jK1Nq0pImReEbdUKifWCE9ZM93x/s1600/med_4-mt294-ch-m-hoteldieu-1860-jpg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY7T9pMYGniOt8t7oj3iS122xXFsxQGBDLX9aKdoEl3MFBRzuhaZmyaNByOMSknoaMX2o6NIBpckUsEcoAftE3EkOItxvsXMsIxijpfG572YQ6C8iY6jK1Nq0pImReEbdUKifWCE9ZM93x/s400/med_4-mt294-ch-m-hoteldieu-1860-jpg.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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completed bridge, 1860</div>
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<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYosbrqRTImDx12L75VFjFF6RrEvd-j-wPtnuWbutlm-l_rp4rFbA7xnkcI6Ko9cPR9it5NUNDrQvX2q2_6rnuBtZY6dlWzWAS3ocJpQ5tlfA4_l-athQ2ak9jPAEVzagJFKobtlgp8nDj/s1600/L'infirmerie+low+res.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="343" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYosbrqRTImDx12L75VFjFF6RrEvd-j-wPtnuWbutlm-l_rp4rFbA7xnkcI6Ko9cPR9it5NUNDrQvX2q2_6rnuBtZY6dlWzWAS3ocJpQ5tlfA4_l-athQ2ak9jPAEVzagJFKobtlgp8nDj/s400/L'infirmerie+low+res.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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L'infirmerie.</div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Check out the great panoramas of the Grand </span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">boulevards of Paris, from the Bastille to the Madeleine,</span><span style="font-family: Arial;"> from Tableau de Paris, as seen in the <a href="http://julienmannoni.blogspot.com/2011/05/paris-panorama-des-grands-boulevards.html" target="_blank">blog</a> by the rare book dealer </span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Julien
Mannoanni. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfEOGXug10A_9-9HCF2rK2PdnaMENCW1pOKyR471DAvvvqn1ByG5Sun1mANFaU_kH0Ac90Hmzm6ZLDKxv3dRQyf9TuQM8oCXj80D03FXBOi5130mV5HhBQB1yFnaYokQpPxrhGuyhvwGPj/s1600/le+physicien+en+plein+vent+low+res.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="342" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfEOGXug10A_9-9HCF2rK2PdnaMENCW1pOKyR471DAvvvqn1ByG5Sun1mANFaU_kH0Ac90Hmzm6ZLDKxv3dRQyf9TuQM8oCXj80D03FXBOi5130mV5HhBQB1yFnaYokQpPxrhGuyhvwGPj/s400/le+physicien+en+plein+vent+low+res.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">And there's always the street quack, seen here dispensing electrotherapy treatments</span>.<br />
<br />
<i>Plus ça change...</i></div>
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<!--EndFragment-->Jim Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02253146051523199104noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-9756205180066464192013-05-01T17:06:00.001-07:002013-05-01T17:07:28.466-07:00Monstrous History Part III: The “Gothic” Influence of Ambroise Paré Welcome back to the Dittrick Museum Blog! Last week, we discussed some of the finer points of birth anomaly in the 18th century. Today, we will consider the ways in which Paré’s work influenced the writers of the nineteenth century!<br />
<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIWM4Y_8_mBAdlh5Yk_TYTZxskNCgb8MUsmwIB7HuSOHFsiY2ngaqmxQay51_YYhH2MZc9lyWmjHRqnX8Azsfy_nY2z06QCWxXNbBvMbH7VC4xmm-Ej425ZFRjpLdQ3iaELNJt88hq7nZ0/s1600/Pare_twingirl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIWM4Y_8_mBAdlh5Yk_TYTZxskNCgb8MUsmwIB7HuSOHFsiY2ngaqmxQay51_YYhH2MZc9lyWmjHRqnX8Azsfy_nY2z06QCWxXNbBvMbH7VC4xmm-Ej425ZFRjpLdQ3iaELNJt88hq7nZ0/s320/Pare_twingirl.jpg" width="235" /></a>As the Age of Enlightenment, the eighteenth-century promoted scientific and philosophical progress. By the latter part of the century, causation (in reproduction but also in relation to disease) had largely left Pare’s metaphysical behind in medical treatises—but it enjoyed renewed fervor in the popular press. Two broad categories of work regularly printed stories of monster birth. The first were collections of medical or philosophical transactions, like those published by the Royal Society of London. Conjoined twins appeared frequently in these cases. Paré’s suggested cause of these malformations (in addition to the censure of God) was “too great a quantity of seed.”[1] Many of the printed cases from the transactions refrain from discussing causation and instead focus on descriptive account:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
This monstrous female birth had two heads, both the faces very well shaped. The left face looked swarthy and never breathed; that head was also the larger. The right head was perceived to breathe; but not heard to cry. Between the heads was a protuberance, like another shoulder. The breast and clavicles very large; about 7 inches broad. It had only 2 hands and 2 feet.[2]
</blockquote>
The account also includes a complete description of the autopsy and the weight of various organs with special attention paid to the organs of generation (particularly noted are the size and position of the clitoris and vagina of this female child). A further account from the Royal Society (October 1765) includes a child without a skull, similar to the case quoted at the start of this paper: “It was a female child, come to its full time, in which the whole skull, excepting its basis, was wanting: this was covered with something which had the appearance of red flesh.” The midwife found it to “consist of different membranes; and in a small depression, in a back part of the basis of the skull, lay the brain, such as it was.”[3] Paré also includes accounts of “headless” children [4] and such also appeared as “wonders” in the<i> Travels of Sir John Mandeville:</i> “Headless monsters with faces between their shoulders; Men with tails, and men with horns.”[5]<br />
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The second category of works that reprinted monster births include the likes of <i>Kirby’s wonderful and scientific museum: or, Magazine of remarkable characters</i>, <i>The Gentleman’s Magazine and Historical Chronicle, The Political State of Great Britain, </i>and <i>The Weekly Journal or British Gazatteer</i>. These pseudo-scientific collections and popular press publications do, no doubt, contain actual data on abnormal births that were circulated in much the same way physical “wonders” were. Marc Cazotte, who suffered from Phocomelia (in which the child is born with hands and feet but neither legs nor arms) traveled in public exhibition as Pépin through the latter part of the century.[6] As Helen King describes: “science and street performance overlapped not only to spread information, but also to instill a sense of wonder” [7] —a strange contradiction considering the “danger” of monstrosity to pregnant women, still a widely held belief. In addition to actual accounts of malformation and monstrous birth, however, collections and the popular press also included fantastic stories of half-human fusions of mythic proportions. And in between these extremes we find curious tales made more curious in the telling, wherein the narrative structure—mimicking Gothic and Romance motifs—create, promote and reproduce the sense of horror. <br />
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One extraordinary account harkens back to actual myth; published in <i>The Political State</i> in February of 1731, a woman is “brought to Bed of a Monster, of the Figure of a Satyr.”[8] Similar accounts of animal-human fusions are remarked upon throughout the period, the dog-human being the most popular.[9] Paré’s work—which likely informs or inspires many of these accounts—also includes dog-children, but also cites the reverse, animals giving birth to humanoid creatures (the male owners of which are banished or threatened with death for their abominable “deed”). Similar accounts are circulated in miscellanies and travel documents, from Nathaniel Crouch’s 1710 <i>Admirable curiosities, rarities, & wonders</i> to R. S. Kirby’s first collection, <i>The New Wonderful Museum, and Extraordinary Magazine</i>. Kirby’s modest claim: to provide “a Complete Repository of All the Wonders, Curiosities, and Rarities of Nature and Art, from the Beginning of the World to the Present Year.” A compendium of five volumes, the last published in 1820, <i>Kirby’s Magazine</i> collects and reprints not only from Paré but from the other medical and mythic accounts of monstrosity. Thus, though Paré’s work was increasingly shunned by the medical establishment as mere fiction, writers and readers continued to enjoy, to reprint, and<i> to embellish</i> his work. Not only does the
magazine include monstrous births similar to those reported in medical
treatise, it also follows these “monsters” into adulthood, providing
stories of bad omens and worse behavior that could easily exist
alongside the growing body of Gothic fictions. One of my favorites is
the wolf-like boy, who is hairy and chained to the house post by
his mother. Another is the "creeping" girl, a woman who never eats but
yet stays in blooming health with blood red lips (not unlike Stoker's vampires). <br />
<br />
Even though nineteenth-century midwifery leaves <i>Les Monstres</i> behind in favor of increasing medicalization of birth (including the use of ether, beginning in 1848), Paré’s combination of monstrosity and science, serves (perhaps ironically) to engender gothic tales of dreadful monstrosity. By 1812, we have <i>Frankenstein, </i>with its peculiar composite body and male-birth scene. I can give no greater testament to the influence of monstrous birth than to compare that account with one from midwifery accounts:<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
The whole of that part of the cranium or brain case, with its usual contents, which is naturally covered with hairy scalp, was absolutely wanting, and the foramen magnum occipitis covered with a blood exerescence […] I feared it would survive.<br />
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—Dr. Stryker, Letter to the Editor, Feb 28, 1809 </div>
His yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath […] his watery eyes, that seemed almost of the same colour as the dun-white sockets in which they were set […] no mortal could support the horror of that countenance. A mummy again endued with animation could not be so hideous as that wretch. <br />
<div style="text-align: right;">
—Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, Chapter 5, Frankenstein 1818
</div>
</blockquote>
Thus, while Ambroise Paré may not have directly influenced Mary Shelley and her latter-century Gothic compatriots, the sense of wonder, of marvel, and even of horror present in Paré's work lives on to succeeding generations of "monsters."<br />
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<a href="http://www.penguin.com.au/products/9780141439471/frankenstein" target="_blank"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg88Rm9m2OqBwf_PW5jsiXZz0hHB5f9RF37Hz-2BDMH9ZdjePgT8lDgPDJoccFVJPsWW0s8N89hPZL5ryT51icCcFHiAdfZL_mgvEN1X6jmSQ162epzbmAfOfsQpUot3y4JViLk-LCZtYh-/s320/Untitled-1.jpg" width="222" /></a></div>
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___________________________ <br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;"><b>About Brandy Schillace</b></span></span></span></span></blockquote>
</div>
<blockquote>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: xx-small; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: xx-small; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><b>
</b></i></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">A
medical humanist, literary scholar and writer of Gothic fiction, Dr.
Brandy Schillace spends her time in the mist-shrouded alleyways between
medical history and literature. She is the Managing Editor, <i>Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry</i>
and has worked as an assistant professor of literature. She also leads
interdisciplinary conferences abroad for IDnet and spends a lot of her
time in museums and medical libraries. </span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<br />
[1] Paré, 8.<br />
[2] Charles Hutton, George Shaw, and Richard Pearson. The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, from Their Commencement, in 1665, to the Year 1800: 1672-1683. Vol 2. (London: 1809), 430.<br />
[3] Ibid., 404.<br />
[4] Paré, 36.<br />
[5] Coxe, John Redman. The Philadelphia medical museum, Volume 6. (Philadelphia, 1809), 374.<br />
[6] Speert, 373.<br />
[7] King, Helen. Midwifery, Obstetrics and the Rise of Gynaecology: The Uses of a Sixteenth Century Compendium. (Burlington: Ashgate, 2007), 112.<br />
[8] “A Further Account of Advises from Foreign Parts.” The Political State, Vol 41. (London: Jan-June, 1731), 161.<br />
[9] “three monsters with shoulders, claws and heads like dogs were born to a rich and beautiful young lady who lay with a large water dog” (1720) Perry, 150.<br />
<br />
<br />Jim Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02253146051523199104noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-72003047914163856392013-04-25T20:02:00.001-07:002013-04-25T20:03:19.625-07:00Monstrous History Part II: The “Gothic” Influence of Ambroise Paré <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Last week, I introduced the "monsters and marvels" of Ambroise Paré. This unique text is not a collection only (or even primarily) of cases witnessed by the good doctor. Such treatises also existed, and became more popular over time. Both Dr. William Smellie and Dr. William Hunter published extensively about their practices, and many doctors described difficult labors or unusual births. Paré's 15th century text is, however, much more a compendium; he collects tales from afar, gathers anecdotes from ancient manuscripts and compiles accounts from myth and local legend. Parts of the book actually discuss strange animals from foreign climes, and there is a fairly accurate depiction of what we now know to be a skate or sting ray. To his readers, these accounts of marvels would be mystery as much as medicine. The image above left was one of the more verified accounts, and the man in the picture in his mid-forties. According to Paré, many came to see him--as they did other "marvels--and a number of "birth monsters" were put on display for money.<br />
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Other descriptions that are fairly well-verified (or at least imaginable) include conjoined twins and babies born with double organs. Below is an account of a man with a second head (rather than a second body) protruding from the naval. <br />
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In addition to these figures, Paré also describes some very unusual wonders--including children who appear to be half-animal, are born with fur and claws or tails, or who seem to be a hybrid creature of numerous species. These hybrid marvels are important to consider from the standpoint of midwifery, as the cause of such monstrosity lay blame not only on fate or the stars, but also on parents--particularly mothers--whose imaginations were thought to cause the anomaly. The figure below was thought to result from a woman holding a live frog in her hand to ward off a fever on the night she conceived. (It is to be assumed, of course, that she put the frog down first).<br />
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Interestingly, Paré’s sixteenth-century sensibility about the cause of monstrous birth was still present and highly debated in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century. Joseph Duverney, professor of anatomy (1648-1730), considered monstrosity a problem of divine origin—and divine wrath. Physician Nicholas Lemery (1645-1715), by contrast, believed in accidental origins and Jacques Winslow (1669-1760) suggested “accidental causes could mask metaphysical [that is, divine] forces.”[1] Other major thinkers of the period—from Nicolas Malebranche to Denis Diderot—returned to this question in philosophical works. Malebranche (member of the Académie Royale des Sciences) published Tractatus de inquisitione veritatis in 1753. The text, which was translated into English and reprinted throughout the 18th century, was critical to popularizing the idea that mother imagination could cause birth defects—a devastating assumption also present in Paré, who claimed “monsters should not live among us,” as they could imprint upon the “fruit” of pregnant women because of the “ideas which might remain in their imaginative faulty, over the form of so monstrous a creature.”[2] Two devastating consequences arise from this philosophy. The first is the estrangement and banishment of the malformed individual (and Paré includes among these those who have been marred by accident or illness as well). Such points continue to be made into the eighteenth century; a letter published in The Political State, February 1731, suggests the banishment of beggars, who must surely affect the developing fetus—and delicate feelings—of pregnant women.[3] The second consequence, however, is of longer standing: that is, the continued culpability of mothers in the malformation of their children. Enlightenment medicine did much to elucidate the complexities of generation and birth, particularly as to anatomy, but it did little to dispel the lingering horror of the monster birth—or to curb its enthusiastic reception among a reading public curious for marvels.<br />
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Ruth Perry reports on a number of “monster” birth cases in the 18th century, including one about a dead infant being half-consumed by live snakes. It was printed in <i>The Weekly Journal or British Gazatteer</i> on October 20th, 1722.[4] However, it is in fact a re-telling (with embellishment) from Paré’s <i>Monsters and Marvels</i>. In Paré’s account, the child “had a live snake attached to its back, who was gnawing on this little dead creature”.[5] But Paré was citing Lycosthenes from 1494, and for all we know, Lycosthenes was reporting a marvel earlier still. The same may be said of the 365 children of Countess of Hennebrg, 1276; whether fabrication or the result of hydatidiform mole, the story of her miraculous brood was still being circulated well into later centuries—even appearing in broadsheet ballad form as “The Lamenting Lady.”[6] The eighteenth century account of the dead-baby-live-snakes improvises as well, not in form so much as character. The account in the British Gazatteer introduces new agents—a frightened female midwife, and a valiant husband who kills the snakes. In any case, these stories of monster births are perhaps most marvelous for their ability to fire the imagination of successive generations of readers—each adding to it that which was appropriate to their particular historical moment.<br />
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In part three, I will talk about the lingering use of Paré's work in the latter 18th and early 19th century... And a different sort of "monster" birth: the <i>naissance </i>of Gothic fiction. <br />
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>About Brandy Schillace</b></span></span></span></span></blockquote>
</div>
<blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: xx-small; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: xx-small; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><b>
</b></i></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">A
medical humanist, literary scholar and writer of Gothic fiction, Dr.
Brandy Schillace spends her time in the mist-shrouded alleyways between
medical history and literature. She is the Managing Editor, <i>Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry</i>
and has worked as an assistant professor of literature. She also leads
interdisciplinary conferences abroad for IDnet and spends a lot of her
time in museums and medical libraries. </span></span></div>
</blockquote>
[1] “The 18th Century: Monsters as a Battleground”<br />
[2] Paré, 9.<br />
[3] “A Further Account of Advises from Foreign Parts.” The Political State, Vol 41. (London: Jan-June, 1731), 161.<br />
[4] Perry, Ruth. “The Veil of Chastity.” Sexuality in Eighteenth-Century Britain. (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1982), 147.<br />
[5] Paré, 58.<br />
[6] Speert, Harold. Obstetrics and Gynecology: A History and Iconography, 3rd Ed. (New York: Parthenon Publishing Ltd.), 393-394<br />
<br />Jim Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02253146051523199104noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-23150404586879947342013-04-19T07:49:00.000-07:002013-04-19T07:50:51.838-07:00Monstrous History: The “Gothic” Influence of Ambroise Paré <blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>Monsters are things that appear outside the course of Nature (and are usually signs of forthcoming misfortune).
</b></blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<b>--Ambroise Paré</b> </blockquote>
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Welcome back to the Dittrick Museum Blog!<br />
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Last week, we discussed the "curious machine" of man-midwife Dr. William Smellie. This week, I will introduce Ambroise Pare and the birth of "monsters." The images that Dr. Paré<b> </b>collected in <i>Des Monstres et prodigies</i> (1573) continued to fire the imagination well into the 18th and 19th centuries, a time that witness the "birth" of Gothic monsters, as well.The Dittrick's collection includes a fine edition of this work, and it is replete with fascinating images, some of which I will introduce today (with more to follow!)<br />
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By the time Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein or Prometheus Unbound was published, the Gothic tradition was well established, though still evolving. The early romances that shaped Radcliffian Gothic were both revisited and reshaped by the sublime imagination of Romantic writers (a group to whom Shelley herself belonged.) However, increasing interest in and access to scientific discourse provided additional material; widespread debate about electrical stimulation and reflex, William Cullen and Robert Whytt’s work on the nervous system, and Charles Bell’s theories on the anatomy of the brain were fertile ground for imaginative speculation and certainly part of the cultural context near the time of Frankenstein’s publication. The monstrosity of the man-made man nonetheless has its predecessor in the monstrosity of “woman-made man,” the deformed and monstrous child of the equally horrific and mysterious womb. By the end of the 17th century, scientific societies has begun to question “wonderful” and monstrous accounts, but though wonders “had lost their aura,”[1] the monstrous continued to interest and enthrall (and sell newspapers and side-show tickets). This series of posts will explore the medicalization of birth in the eighteenth century and its representation not only in scientific debate but also in sensationalized news accounts which—like early versions of the “penny dreadful,” circulated tales of terror. London papers, magazines and popular miscellanies published records of horrific births, even as the “orphaned” child and “monstrous” mother became a trope for Gothic fiction.<br />
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There are records of unusual, malformed or “monstrous” births in every culture, from early renderings on cave walls to the detailed astrological tables of the Chaldeans and the myths of the Greeks.[2] The first formal collected account of these births is probably that of Julius Obsequens (fourth century), who listed the “miraculous” births from Caesar to his present.[3] However, by the 15th century, miraculous and monstrous accounts had become a genre unto themselves; The Marvels of the East and the 1493 “Nuremberg Chronicle” (based on The Travels of Sir John Mandeville) collected supposed monsters from distant lands[4] —most of which were entirely fictitious, a few of which were likely based upon malformations and physical deformity.[5] However, arguably the most famous of collected “monster” accounts is that of Ambroise Paré, surgeon and humanist of the mid-sixteenth century. His Des Monstres et prodigies (1573) was reprinted (as a full text) for more than 300 years, appearing in English translation as late as 1840 (and, in fact, again in 1982). More interestingly, the work appeared piecemeal throughout the eighteenth century, reprinted in miscellanies, magazines and popular accounts, the anomalous births passed off as current events.<br />
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The utility of Paré’s text comes, in part, from its structure. Using knowledge of books on natural <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_-yymGKxAlcs9Vjsuhp2zPf6ZcwACQvfF0goos5w6L-y183bKyei2pL0J1-tJV13JGnZy8zLSIq-vVPkCqOqYO2PuSr6GsDarFDGszr3C9A8vDPx3FJXH0ICa-Oemt9f7d_NwyaFIC6_Z/s1600/Image2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_-yymGKxAlcs9Vjsuhp2zPf6ZcwACQvfF0goos5w6L-y183bKyei2pL0J1-tJV13JGnZy8zLSIq-vVPkCqOqYO2PuSr6GsDarFDGszr3C9A8vDPx3FJXH0ICa-Oemt9f7d_NwyaFIC6_Z/s320/Image2.jpg" width="230" /></a></div>
history, Paré wrote a 519-page work on reproduction in two parts—the first dealt with surgical concerns, the second with monster births. Though early records also include miracle births under the “monstrous” (the Greek myths of Athena and Dionysus may be thought of in this fashion) the lexicon was ever-changing. The origins of the word “monster” are debatable; the Oxford English Dictionary suggests a Latin derivation, monstrum, “a warning or potent,” and Paré was clearly concerned with why the “natural” or normalized birth did not occur.[6] The monster is, at best unnatural, at worst, a demonized creature and punishment from God: “Monsters are things that appear outside the course of Nature (and are usually signs of forthcoming misfortune).[7] Marvels, too, are “against nature,” and may—along with monstrosity—reveal the “judgment of God, who permits fathers and mothers to produce such abominations from the disorder that they make in copulation, like brutish beasts, in which their appetite guides them.”[8] <br />
<br />
Interestingly, Paré’s sixteenth-century sensibility about the cause of monstrous birth was still present and highly debated in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth century. In next week's post, I will talk more about the influence of Paré's text--and provide more of the images from the Dittrick's incredible edition of his work!<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>About Brandy Schillace</b></span></span></span></span></blockquote>
</div>
<blockquote>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: xx-small; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: xx-small; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><b>
</b></i></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">A
medical humanist, literary scholar and writer of Gothic fiction, Dr.
Brandy Schillace spends her time in the mist-shrouded alleyways between
medical history and literature. She is the Managing Editor, <i>Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry</i>
and has worked as an assistant professor of literature. She also leads
interdisciplinary conferences abroad for IDnet and spends a lot of her
time in museums and medical libraries. </span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
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<br />
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span class="MsoEndnoteReference" style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small; line-height: 200%;">
“The 18th Century: Monsters as a Battleground for Scientific and Philosophical
Debates,” <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A Telling of Wonders</i>,
Exhibit of the New York Academic of Medicine Rare Book Room. Jul 7, 2012. < </span><span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="http://www.nyam.org/library/rare-book-room/exhibits/telling-of-wonders/ter9.html"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">http://www.nyam.org/library/rare-book-room/exhibits/telling-of-wonders/ter9.html</span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;">.></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span class="MsoEndnoteReference" style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small; line-height: 200%;">
Speert, Harold. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Obstetrics and
Gynecology: A History and Iconography, 3<sup>rd</sup> Ed.</i> (New York:
Parthenon Publishing Ltd.), 361-362.</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span class="MsoEndnoteReference" style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small; line-height: 200%;">
Ibid., 362.</span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span class="MsoEndnoteReference" style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small; line-height: 200%;">
Ibid, 374.</span></div>
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<span class="MsoEndnoteReference" style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small; line-height: 200%;">
The lengthy history of such accounts has been traced by Jean Céard’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">La Nature et les prodiges</i> and Stephen
Asma’s <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">On Monsters: An Unnatural History </i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span class="MsoEndnoteReference" style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small; line-height: 200%;">
Pallister, Janis, introduction to <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">On
Monsters and Marvels, </i>by Ambroise Paré (Chicago: Chicago University Press,
1982), xxvii.</span></div>
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<span class="MsoEndnoteReference" style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small; line-height: 200%;">
Paré, Ambroise. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">On Monsters and Marvels. </i>Ed.
Janis Pallister. (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 1982), 3.</span></div>
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<span class="MsoEndnoteReference" style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small; line-height: 200%;">
Ibid., 3, 5.</span></div>
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Jim Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02253146051523199104noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-38534815437566202222013-04-11T11:45:00.002-07:002013-04-11T11:45:56.681-07:00On the Trail of the "Machine," Part 2: The Lady VanishesLast week, I discussed the unusual nature of William Smellie's "celebrated apparatus," or mechanized obstetrical phantom. Today, I will continue with part two, where I give contemporary physician Peter Camper's laudatory description--and discuss the woman-machine's vanishing act.
--Brandy Schillace<br />
________________________________________<br />
After attending Smellie’s lectures, he described the “contraction of both the internal and external os, the generation of water in parturition and dilatation of the os uteri are so natural that hardly any difference is to be noticed between these, and those in natural women.” [1] From Camper, a physician and surgeon certainly aware of actual anatomy, such a claim is high praise, if a little unnerving. The fetus dolls were, says Camper, also “excellently contrived, they having all the Motions of the Joints. Their Craniums are so formed as to give way to any Force exerted, and are so Elastick that the Pressure is no sooner taken off than they return to their natural Equalities.”[2] Afterbirth was represented by “various leathers,” and the “change in the os tincae are noted and made clear by colours.’”[3] The mystery of their composition is worth considering, too. India rubber was not readily available or understood until at least the mid-eighteenth century—and only recommended for medical use after 1768, when researchers Hérissant and Macquer recommended that it could be used for probes and tubes in laboratories.[4]<br />
<br />
Though I have been able, through these sources, to reconstruct some sense of its appearance and workings, we still have but a fragmentary image: a machine, activated by levers, complete with a contracting uterus, tendon, tissue, organs—and possibly clothes; a fetus, with movable joints and some sort of “skin” surrounding an elastic and flexible cranium. Even when we put all the descriptions together, we seem to have more questions than answers, for there are no images of this curious device (an absence I ruminate on in “Mother Machine: ‘An Uncanny Valley’ in the Eighteenth-Century,” The Appendix Journal 1.2). Why wasn’t it reproduced? And—to return to the original question—where did it go? Other automatons, from Vacaunson’s flute player to the “defecating duck” remain and are even coveted. What became of this “mock woman”?<br />
<br />
Without images, and with few clues, tracking the device is difficult. We can, however, trace the<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEos6dTEclnsoSsG8wRyk0O3FUMXZ-NxsXiM_-wbCEDUiFrof41fLh-I4-7y_0_9KruSK11FVMzUOWo3jlal9AOyMIl0JUZBc3_aCZukEUJqWTAikuBPuLvH7dV8E4B-Gro9E6nL17FbiN/s1600/Hunter-plVI-web.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEos6dTEclnsoSsG8wRyk0O3FUMXZ-NxsXiM_-wbCEDUiFrof41fLh-I4-7y_0_9KruSK11FVMzUOWo3jlal9AOyMIl0JUZBc3_aCZukEUJqWTAikuBPuLvH7dV8E4B-Gro9E6nL17FbiN/s200/Hunter-plVI-web.jpg" width="147" /></a>purchase history of at least one: Dr. William Hunter was in attendance at the auction after Dr. Smellie’s death and bought one of the devices.[5] Hunter himself does not have the contrivance illustrated, however, nor does he put it on display alongside his Gravid Uterus. He does not offer it to the public in any way, in fact, and it is only with great difficulty (and much letter writing) that he is at last compelled to sell the device to someone who would. In 1774, an old pupil of Smellie’s, Dr. Edward Foster, purchased the mechanical woman, but shortly after it travels from England to Ireland, it passes out of record altogether.<br />
<br />
This, you might know, occasioned my first trip to Dublin. I gave a lecture on my discoveries at the University College of Dublin for the Irish Centre for Nursing and Midwifery History—but my main purpose for traveling was to continue the (increasingly vain) search. I had hoped to find some reference to the device at the Rotunda, but alas—it was not meant to be. I did, however, discover advertisements in the archives; Foster expressed an intent to deliver two courses of lectures every winter, and one or two courses during the summer, in order “to establish a regular School of Midwifery in this City, by which Students may have an opportunity of attending, the whole Year, or at any particular Season.”[6] The lectures appear to have proceeded as planned—but Foster’s hopes were never fully realized. Shortly after, on April 1, 1779, Foster dies of a sudden-onset fever. Biographical reference to Foster are scarce beyond his short career as Assistant Master, but some further evidence is available in the archives of the Royal College of Physicians. There are three references—one to his marriage in 1768 to the daughter of Charles Lucas in the Freeman’s Journal; one to his treatise The Skeleton (which contains reference to Smellie’s other machines); and one to his death announcement in the Walker Hibernian.[7] Unlike the sale catalog of Smellie’s extensive medical collection, no record remains concerning the whereabouts of Foster’s effects. Because of the suddenness of Foster’s passing, it is possible that he died intestate—but anything from this period is, unfortunately, difficult to verify.<br />
<br />
My search for the device began with unanswered questions—and unfortunately, it ends with them as well. The fire of 1922 (during the Irish Civil War) destroyed a great many records. Only the probated wills survive, as they were housed elsewhere. We know, for instance, that the will of Foster’s father-in-law was proved in the Irish Prerogative Court, but the document itself perished. Back-checking the secondary spelling of Foster’s name (Forster) only reveals that his wife survived him. He was living in Stafford Street at this period of time, and there was in later years a hospital nearby, but I have found no connection between his effects and that location.<br />
<br />
What I have discovered is my increasing love of archival research, even though, as I remark in “Mother Machine,” some archeological searches ends just this way, “with many hours spent sifting sand to find… only more sand.”[8] I was unable to find the device itself, but through the aid of museum collections public and private, archivists, librarians and curators, I embarked on something just as worthwhile: a satisfying journey through our shared human past. In the process of searching for history, I found instead myself—a greater understanding of the things that move me. In the coming months, I look forward to sharing more of these “journeys,” and I encourage you to become active participants—not readers only, but museum goers, citizen historians, and curious and intrepid souls.<br />
<br />
Welcome to the history of medicine!<br />
<br />
[1] Qtd. In Johnstone, William, 25.<br />
[2] Ibid.<br />
[3] Qtd. In Ibid, 27.<br />
[4] Brannt, William Theodore. India Rubber, gulta-percha, and balata. (Philadelphia: Henry Carey Baird and Company, 1900): 2-3.<br />
[5] King, Midwifery, 134.<br />
[6] Kirkpatrick, Book of the Rotunda, 81-82.<br />
[7] The Kirkpatrick Newspaper Archive, RCPI
I am ever grateful to the National Archive, and particularly to Gregory O’Connor, Higher Archivist, for his patience and assistance.<br />
[8] Schillace, Brandy. “Mother Machine: An ‘Uncanny Valley’ in the Eighteenth-Century.” The Appendix Journal, 1.2 (April 2013), 71.<br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b>About Brandy Schillace</b></span></span></span></span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: xx-small; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: xx-small; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;"><i><b>
</b></i></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">A
medical humanist, literary scholar and writer of Gothic fiction, Dr.
Brandy Schillace spends her time in the mist-shrouded alleyways between
medical history and literature. She is the Managing Editor, <i>Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry</i>
and has worked as an assistant professor of literature. She also leads
interdisciplinary conferences abroad for IDnet and spends a lot of her
time in museums and medical libraries. </span></span></div>
</blockquote>
Jim Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02253146051523199104noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-90964961184637145632013-04-04T16:02:00.002-07:002013-04-08T08:50:30.265-07:00On the Trail of the Machine: William Smellie’s “Celebrated Apparatus" <span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Welcome back to the Dittrick Museum blog!</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeFLnTIYtXdtAKWKAHiyzIAiKQuMShcd1oODyFjW6lAjtOndiqASTW6ikiYw9u0bRVm11M-_mbhgMr61YvAbZ0T0M8AaKI9fzCQnwzy57PXjYIRXl0SMTaMZJsbG528OqCQJ0CP9Nx1lLj/s1600/DittrickBlog2lens.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgeFLnTIYtXdtAKWKAHiyzIAiKQuMShcd1oODyFjW6lAjtOndiqASTW6ikiYw9u0bRVm11M-_mbhgMr61YvAbZ0T0M8AaKI9fzCQnwzy57PXjYIRXl0SMTaMZJsbG528OqCQJ0CP9Nx1lLj/s200/DittrickBlog2lens.jpg" width="200" /></a></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"> Last week, Dr. Edmonson (curator of the Dittrick Museum), provided a kind introduction to my work. Today, I am happy to continue the tale with part one of a two-part serie<i>s.</i></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </span></i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> This journey took place over the course of three years, on two continents--and through the wonderful collections of several museums, beginning with our own Dittrick. I give you the tale--of a <i>trail</i>.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">--Brandy Schillace, PhD </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">_________________________________________ </span><i><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"> </span></i></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><i><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;">On the Trail of the Machine: William Smellie's "Celebrated Apparatus"</span></i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;"> What is the lifespan of a medical device? Most
generally, the utility of any instrument determines its tenure in medical
practice—and subsequent models evolve to replace their predecessors. Amanda
Carson Banks tracks just such an evolution in her work on birthing chairs
(1999); studying this material helps us to understand why both the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">definitions </i>and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">practices</i> of birth underwent radical change over time.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2764297691166152797#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: xx-small; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-no-proof: yes;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a> Her work
points to a powerful connection between social history and its
artifacts—something also provided by scholars such as Brigitte Jordan (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Birth in Four Cultures</i>) and numerous anthropological accounts from more specific contexts. But what occurs when we
begin not with the artifact itself, but its disappearance? </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 200%; mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="font-size: small; mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>The
question above occurred to me for the first time five years ago, while I was working
on my dissertation. While researching a chapter on Augustan women’s education and
mechanical habits (now an article with <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Feminist
Formations </i>25.1 as </span><span style="line-height: 200%;">“’Reproducing’
Custom”), I came across the most unusual constellation of references. Described,
variously, as “this most curious machine,” “this mock woman,” and the
“celebrated Apparatus,”<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2764297691166152797#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></a> Dr. William Smellie’s
mechanized obstetrical manikin seemed to be both science and spectacle, a
mechanical woman that “gave birth” to leather dolls before eager students of
man-midwifery. <span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Such an image teased my imagination, so
naturally, with the dissertation complete, I went looking for more information
about its history and whereabouts. S</span>trangely, however, though crucial to
the training of at least 900 man-midwives in ten years, the machine simply vanishes
from the records! There are a number of well-preserved and well-documented
versions of Madame de Coudray's birthing machines; I’ve seen the</span> primary one at
the Musée Flaubert et d'histoire de la Médecine in Rouen, France, and the
Dittrick museum has a simplified model from the same period. Remarkably,
however, I could find no images, no models, no sketches and no copies of
Smellie’s device. Surely, I thought, it must be <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">somewhere</i>… and so the search began. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjFKslMakE_k9Xjdee7KdjQTw9w6yfyAMzOcaAf99_nt4rZacZa6g-Jm9xuw5ynzfYR2GhdPHz3zo_wzhUw0OZoLhG00VHw4qi5dYcTvaTn3w46Wb59dj0Ete3tPMMk6SXoAqrUy41VYFv/s1600/obstetric_manikin_Dittrick_Museum_overall.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjFKslMakE_k9Xjdee7KdjQTw9w6yfyAMzOcaAf99_nt4rZacZa6g-Jm9xuw5ynzfYR2GhdPHz3zo_wzhUw0OZoLhG00VHw4qi5dYcTvaTn3w46Wb59dj0Ete3tPMMk6SXoAqrUy41VYFv/s200/obstetric_manikin_Dittrick_Museum_overall.jpg" width="200" /></a><span style="line-height: 200%;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>I was
already familiar with the extensive collection of birth-related material at the
Dittrick Medical History Museum, and so naturally began by contacting Dr.
Edmonson. This connection, my curiosity, and what has been at times described
as bull-dog-like tenacity, inaugurated a two-year exploration not of the
lifespan of the artifact, but its <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">afterlife</i>,
a task as fraught with difficulty as any exhumation. In a strange counter to
material culture analysis, I had to define what was <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">not</i> by rendering as plain as possible what <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">was</i>—the history surrounding the device itself. What I have pieced
together from student notes, detractors and sale catalogs presents a most
unusual and often-contradictory picture.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"> </span><span style="line-height: 200%;"> The device emerged during the
passionately debated shift from female to male midwifery practice. In a
relatively short space of time, man-midwifery developed from the rare
intervention of surgeons to a robust practice, wherein the female midwife (if
not castigated as a rustic or vilified as a witch) served at the pleasure of
the surgeon. This “unexplained revolution”<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2764297691166152797#_edn3" name="_ednref3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[iii]</span></span></span></span></a> has captured the
attention and imagination of many—from medical historians like Adrian Wilson
and Lisa Foreman Cody to literary critics like Bonnie Blackwell and Meghan
Burke. A confluence of events led to this shift, including changes in the
“bodily and social event” of childbirth with the advent of lying-in hospitals,
as well as changes in fashion, politics, and social structure (in the
Foucaultian sense).<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2764297691166152797#_edn4" name="_ednref4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[iv]</span></span></span></span></a><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is also true that cases like the Rabbit
Breeder of Godalming brought midwifery to embarrassing public notice; in 1727
Mary Toft mimicked birth pangs and contractions and fooled a number of midwives
and surgeons into believing she had given birth to a brood of (dead of “still
born” rabbits). The case was finally overturned by surgeon Sir Richard
Manningham’s threat of live vivisection upon Toft, who confessed to the hoax. In
this new model, the mystery of female anatomy would be rendered plain not only
through better anatomies, but in part through surgeon’s instruments—and this emphasis
gave “birth” to remarkable inventions.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 200%;"> Mechanical automations of various
sorts gained popularity in the eighteenth century. There were also a number of
obstetrical manikins in use during the period, b</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 200%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">ut </span><span style="line-height: 200%;">Smellie’s
mechanized obstetrical phantoms deserve to be treated in a class by themselves.
Described as a mechanical genius, Smellie—and his devices—earned the awe of
students and even detractors. One of his pupils writes:</span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">[Dr.
Smellie was] An uncommon Genius in all sorts of mechanicks, which after having
shewed itself in many other Improvements he manifested in the machines which he
has contrived for teaching the Art of Midwifery. Machines which Dr.
Desaguliers, who frequently visited him, allowed to be infinitely preferable to
all that he had ever seen of the same kind, and which I (from having seen those
that are used at Paris) will aver to be by far the best that were ever
invented.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2764297691166152797#_edn5" name="_ednref5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[v]</span></span></span></span></a></span></span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVuVslc_I3jBB6Bk7iaZN7sUOESQuD9BXRmAMuaNkSe-RUPt3XUtvjKqJNgttGauPOWiOTiSl0zFqsULt-cxWQlneXvHa5uIaYefyQCGvAU7mQSljibG8kdW2X2h8HYy_JriNJKswtiB17/s1600/Smellie-16-web.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiVuVslc_I3jBB6Bk7iaZN7sUOESQuD9BXRmAMuaNkSe-RUPt3XUtvjKqJNgttGauPOWiOTiSl0zFqsULt-cxWQlneXvHa5uIaYefyQCGvAU7mQSljibG8kdW2X2h8HYy_JriNJKswtiB17/s200/Smellie-16-web.jpg" width="140" /></a></span></span></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">The apparatus” allowed Smellie to “perform and demonstrate all
the different kinds of Delivery with more</span> Deliberation, Perspicuity and Fulness
than can be expected on real Subjects.”<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2764297691166152797#_edn1" name="_ednref1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></a> Even the leather delivery dolls
were considered more “life-like” than the child-cadavers used by M. Grégoire’s
training school in Paris, for “the Coldness of the Child, the Flabbiness of the
Parts, and the skin’s coming off at the least Touch, makes the Delivery seem
much less natural than that of the Leather Children.”<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2764297691166152797#_edn2" name="_ednref2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></a> The machine itself was “composed
of real Bones, mounted and covered with artificial Ligaments, Muscles and
Cuticle […] and the Contents of the Abdomen are imitated with great Exactness.<a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2764297691166152797#_edn3" name="_ednref3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">[iii]</span></span></span></span></a> Similar descriptions are
to be found among advertisements, tucked into arguments of detractors, and in
contemporary pamphlets. Perhaps more mysterious yet is the extended description
provided by Dr. Peter Camper.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 200%;">Tune in next week for Part II, </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;">where
I explore some of the stranger aspects of Camper's descriptions and
discuss the machine's even more mysterious disappearance! </span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span i="" style="font-size: small;"><b>About Brandy Schillace</b></span></span></span></span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">A medical humanist, literary scholar and writer of Gothic fiction, Dr. Brandy Schillace spends her time in the mist-shrouded alleyways between medical history and literature. She is the Managing Editor, <i>Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry</i> and has worked as an assistant professor of literature. She also leads interdisciplinary conferences abroad for IDnet and spends a lot of her time in museums and medical libraries. </span></span></div>
</blockquote>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
<div style="mso-element: endnote-list;">
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<div id="edn1" style="mso-element: endnote;">
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2764297691166152797#_ednref1" name="_edn1" style="mso-endnote-id: edn1;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[i]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> Banks, Amanda Carson. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Birth Chairs, Midwives, and medicine</i>.
(Jackson: University of Mississippi, 1999): (xix).</span></span></span></div>
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<div id="edn2" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText" style="mso-pagination: widow-orphan lines-together; page-break-after: avoid;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2764297691166152797#_ednref2" name="_edn2" style="mso-endnote-id: edn2;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[ii]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> Qtd. from Bonnie Blackwell,
"Tristram Shandy and the Theatre of the Mechanical Mother," ELH 68,
no. 1 (2001): 81-133, 91. </span></span></span></div>
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<div id="edn3" style="mso-element: endnote;">
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2764297691166152797#_ednref3" name="_edn3" style="mso-endnote-id: edn3;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[iii]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2764297691166152797#_ednref4" name="_edn4" style="mso-endnote-id: edn4;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[iv]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> Wilson, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Making</i>, 6.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2764297691166152797#_ednref5" name="_edn5" style="mso-endnote-id: edn5;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[v]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> Johnstone, R.W. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">William Smellie, The Master of British
Midwifery. </i>Edinburgh: E. & S. (Livingstone LTD., 1952), 25.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2764297691166152797#_ednref6" name="_edn6" style="mso-endnote-id: edn6;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[vi]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> Ibid.</span></span></span></div>
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<div id="edn7" style="mso-element: endnote;">
<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2764297691166152797#_ednref7" name="_edn7" style="mso-endnote-id: edn7;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[vii]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> Blackwell. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Tristram</i>, 94. The quote was recorded in
Glaister and is from 1750.</span></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoEndnoteText">
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=2764297691166152797#_ednref8" name="_edn8" style="mso-endnote-id: edn8;" title=""><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoEndnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Cambria","serif"; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">[viii]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"> Qtd. In Johnstone, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">William, </i>25.</span></span></span></div>
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<br />Jim Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02253146051523199104noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-38782731495416185542013-03-29T19:48:00.001-07:002013-03-30T09:04:33.555-07:00Sometimes Cleveland beckons one home: [re]introducing Brandy Schillace<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Bucking a long-term trend, some very talented and
creative people are returning to Cleveland to ply their <i>métier</i>. In my own family, our daughter Patty found her way back
into a rewarding museum career path after being away for five years. I was pretty much resigned to her long-term
absence from the Cleveland scene, when much to my pleasure, she secured a
position in the education department of the Cleveland Museum of Art. Since November 2010, she has been a part of the
team fashioning Gallery One, a truly path-breaking endeavor to help visitors “</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">learn how
works of art are made, where they come from, and why they are produced.” To do this, Gallery One makes </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">innovative use of technology, so that art museums
across America now want to learn more and perhaps emulate what’s happening
here. Don’t need better testimony than a
piece in the <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/21/arts/artsspecial/at-cleveland-museum-of-art-the-ipad-enhances.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0">New York Times</a> last week, and some videos on the Fast Company
<a href="http://www.fastcodesign.com/mba/1671845/5-lessons-in-ui-design-from-a-breakthrough-museum">website</a>, and of course on the CMA’s own <a href="http://www.clevelandart.org/gallery-one/about">site</a>.
Not all, but many, roads now lead to Cleveland.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">A broadly similar development marks the return of
Brandy Schillace to Cleveland, and I’ve welcomed her to share in this blog. I
first met Brandy in December 2007 when she was a grad student at CWRU and
assisting Woody Gaines (Anthropology) in editing <i>Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry</i>.
Brandy came to the Dittrick in search of scientific and medical imagery to
fashion arresting covers for the journal, and I can recall being impressed by
her energy, enthusiasm, and determination.
Those same assets saw her successfully through the M.A. and Ph.D. in the
English department here. From that point
of departure, </span><span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Brandy has developed into an interdisciplinary
medical-humanist scholar, who investigates the social and cultural impacts of
medical science on literature (and through literature, on readers). Thus, she finds herself at the intersection
of medicine, art, science and culture that we inhabit here at the Dittrick. We reconnected in the last couple of years
through her search for the original 18<sup>th</sup> century “machine”
(midwifery manikin) of William Smellie.
Alas, the trail went cold, but the search made for some fascinating
perambulations…<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYTXyswQSTvqaxY1-Hb3cI6mEGMeKFaLZJxS7f331DphHm5Ygf21XOUynPZVFz-DQeAsgMzZWMup_xv-RfKkPB2hqK9DLm6qnOvGGAwOOtmhyphenhyphen-2e9-a7jViX7-QJGPs9r_PAb-9wCgAZ92/s1600/skelly2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYTXyswQSTvqaxY1-Hb3cI6mEGMeKFaLZJxS7f331DphHm5Ygf21XOUynPZVFz-DQeAsgMzZWMup_xv-RfKkPB2hqK9DLm6qnOvGGAwOOtmhyphenhyphen-2e9-a7jViX7-QJGPs9r_PAb-9wCgAZ92/s320/skelly2.jpg" width="284" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Brandy maintains her own <a href="http://bschillace.wordpress.com/">blog</a>, and explains to readers that
“her <span class="MsoHyperlink">blog</span> features two subsidiaries: <span class="MsoHyperlink">The Fi</span><span class="MsoHyperlink">ction Reboot</span> and <span class="MsoHyperlink">Literary Medicine’s Daily Dose</span>. <i>The Reboot</i> provides useful tips and
information for writers, weekly fiction features and interviews with authors of
fiction and poetry. Meanwhile, <i>The Dose</i>
honors, supports, and shares perspectives about medicine and humanities across
cultures and disciplines. She summarizes her perspective aptly, describing
herself as a “rogue scholar,” who looks forward to “branching out beyond the
discipline specific and into the wide and welcoming plains of
inter-disciplinarity. Fiction and literature, science and history, anthropology
and religion: Life is more interesting at the intersection.” Brandy also
clearly felt that, for her, Cleveland was the right place to make these
connections. For more on her work, check out her personal <a href="http://brandyschillace.net/">site</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">So, we look
forward to collaborating with Brandy, and having her help bring the Dittrick to
kindred spirits, especially through this blog. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;">Jim Edmonson</span></div>
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<!--EndFragment-->Jim Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02253146051523199104noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-86766083797800212542013-02-21T20:42:00.000-08:002013-02-21T20:42:08.640-08:00Trojan Condom video to mark National Condom Month<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlI65Pyex0KnX6PUlba_C3HmV7XrMHyzzXlYgPyc_vU0SW3EMzEgrqoBOBIdUCVCqG4Jezrxee09NaEYPaubb42lNnn5N389vnUumihQrnEcX3NW0qlGj-PL0k1IeRdSZDq9SokYtFu3U/s1600/condom-packaging.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlI65Pyex0KnX6PUlba_C3HmV7XrMHyzzXlYgPyc_vU0SW3EMzEgrqoBOBIdUCVCqG4Jezrxee09NaEYPaubb42lNnn5N389vnUumihQrnEcX3NW0qlGj-PL0k1IeRdSZDq9SokYtFu3U/s320/condom-packaging.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Last September, I traveled to NYC to be taped for a promotional video for National Condom Month, produced for Trojan® Brand Condoms. They brought in other folk from the Kinsey Archives, the Museum of Sex, and the American Social Hygiene Association (soon to shed that euphemism and become the American Sexual Health Association, keeping their initials ASHA). Producer Marisa Biaggi deftly stitched, cut, edited, and refashioned our rambling parole into a snappy, informative, and yet lighthearted history of the condom. Check it out on<a href="http://www.cosmopolitan.com/celebrity/news/national-condom-month"> Cosmo</a>. Never thought I'd land there, but then again, I never imagined a career in a medical museum either! Enjoy viewing.</div>
<br />James Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15433405959092555269noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-723713016608219242013-02-21T20:10:00.000-08:002013-02-21T20:10:01.511-08:00Exhibit updateCheck out the new window treatment for our balcony display of diagnostic instruments, as seen on the Dittrick <a href="http://www.facebook.com/DittrickMuseum?v=wall">Facebook page</a> I got the idea for the screened images from visiting medical history museums in <a href="http://www.bmm-charite.de/en/index.html">Berlin</a> and <a href="http://www.ingolstadt.de/dmm/">Inglostadt</a><br />
<img alt="Photo: The balcony gallery is a work in progress, a new exhibit on diagnostics will be opening this fall. The new shades were delivered yesterday!" class="scaledImageFitWidth img" height="403" src="http://sphotos-a.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-prn1/c0.0.403.403/p403x403/18315_10151543287370466_1314829743_n.jpg" width="403" /><br />
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As this work on the diagnostic exhibit -- the most comprehensive of its kind in North America, thanks to the gift of the M. Donald Blaufox collection -- winds down, I will get back to the Dittrick blog. Very long overdue, I know... In my next post, I'll share some pics of the exhibits in the Berlin Museum of Medical History and the German Museum of Medical History in Ingolstadt.<br />
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<br />James Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15433405959092555269noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-74975672131215791792011-11-06T11:31:00.000-08:002011-11-06T11:51:25.298-08:00Berlin Medical Historical Museum<div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><br /></span></span><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgd9cvOACMxw-QwA4-Fk4Wul0MW3hx6pNRVtkpiGOydBkjrsXvPGIOkNDehyphenhyphenE66BXWxSwoY_7uoyyo0KXkQj3e73ppJ4xK0QQdBiPAarVnAGG5KLXmW0RfnkSD-f-sxmOFdC448EvnqFJI5/s400/IMG_0479.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5671969528252751090" style="display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px; " /><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:16px;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">In September, I visited Berlin to attend the Council meeting of the European Association of Museums of the History of Medical Sciences at the <a href="http://www.bmm.charite.de/index_engl.htm">Berlin Medical Historical Museum</a>. It is a great institution, flourishing under the direction of Thomas Schnalke. We were there to join in a discussion of next year's EAMHMS Congress in Berlin with Thomas. I encourage one and all to attend the 2012 Congress, and in the meantime offer images taken during my visit to the BMHM. Go to Flickr and select my<a href="http://www.blogger.com/Berlin%20Medical%20Historical%20Museum"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"> </span></a></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/38280643@N05/sets/72157627942550325/">B</a></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/38280643@N05/sets/72157627942550325/">erlin Medical Historical Museum</a></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> set.</span></span></div></span></span></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">More pics soon of my visit to Copenhagen and the Medical Museion, after the Berlin trip.</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-family:arial;font-size:medium;">Jim Edmonson</span></div><div><br /></div><div> </div></div></div>Jim Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/02253146051523199104noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-21989482713008312012011-09-15T19:19:00.000-07:002011-09-15T19:55:22.438-07:00Sensuous object workshop at the Medical Museion<div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qGeEkJZ8JYc/TnKlYlZ0-OI/AAAAAAAAAAQ/NKQSqQSou24/s1600/Gleason.jpg"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 223px; height: 283px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qGeEkJZ8JYc/TnKlYlZ0-OI/AAAAAAAAAAQ/NKQSqQSou24/s400/Gleason.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5652762324079278306" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Later this month I'll be heading to the Medical Museion in Copenhagen for the workshop, the <a href="http://www.corporeality.net/museion/2011/09/15/the-sensuous-object-workshop-29th-30th-september-programme/">Sensuous Object</a>, in which I'll be examining early stethoscopes. As part of this, I am trying to figure out who first taught and established and codified the protocols of the physical exam. The irony is this: before 1800 doctors hardly touched their patients, instead relying upon the patient's "history" or story of their illness. </span><br /></span></div><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">This portrait by Winthrop Chandler, of Dr. William Gleason of Connecticut, c.1780, captures the doctor's reticence of physically examining patients. (Image courtesy of the Ohio Historical Society)</span><br /></span></div><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;">Touching was left to surgeons, a more rough and ready lot.<br /><br /></span><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-utrsHF8FuG0/TnKnemjBwKI/AAAAAAAAAAY/OgZOhbmJigk/s1600/sawbone_amputates.jpg"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 399px; height: 259px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-utrsHF8FuG0/TnKnemjBwKI/AAAAAAAAAAY/OgZOhbmJigk/s400/sawbone_amputates.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5652764626488770722" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><br />By the end of the century this had all changed and the physical exam was a cornerstone of medical practice, as seen here in images of Sir William Osler examining, palpating, and auscultating a patient, and then contemplating what he had learned. (Images from the Osler Library at McGill University)<br /><br /></span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKqlKi4XF355EgGBpZu8yC5JiEqkXhtz2FM_Vim9xqZb-yFS-XMTt3AdDJ-89jVBQj9YIh9AFufL4_kMhP13HvUPIm_8-7CZlbdODYTwEbPia3hVz6zCwqTO-pNvkHJz7XusBoeAV64Gs/s1600/CUS_046-008D_P.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 413px; height: 558px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKqlKi4XF355EgGBpZu8yC5JiEqkXhtz2FM_Vim9xqZb-yFS-XMTt3AdDJ-89jVBQj9YIh9AFufL4_kMhP13HvUPIm_8-7CZlbdODYTwEbPia3hVz6zCwqTO-pNvkHJz7XusBoeAV64Gs/s400/CUS_046-008D_P.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5652781321320401714" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilxhK_PpFPnsSLD-CbeOUcOA5SvdybazA5F1fmV4MSe_8EByJrwqLFQ9lBp-BasKXlaqv8GULuMsxLYiIkqO2w3H0Vt3xcSmTdmaqbNj-E5JKLvTVOiziX5Yh2u_i-Py797HBmftDqga4/s1600/CUS_046-008E_P.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 411px; height: 562px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEilxhK_PpFPnsSLD-CbeOUcOA5SvdybazA5F1fmV4MSe_8EByJrwqLFQ9lBp-BasKXlaqv8GULuMsxLYiIkqO2w3H0Vt3xcSmTdmaqbNj-E5JKLvTVOiziX5Yh2u_i-Py797HBmftDqga4/s400/CUS_046-008E_P.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5652781212123027074" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo-zbXUSvH1OGgJy_xCkC7in1zWLyNg13FazOpDgBCEgjx9tjM8EFze_O-aXswU9QnIdqbH_F5VOAPw6wDKCwRF7JSdGzDg41gUczc0jGUIG_RUQOoIzqPcq5KxPC7KkoHvTJDJls9CXI/s1600/CUS_046-008F_P.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 412px; height: 566px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjo-zbXUSvH1OGgJy_xCkC7in1zWLyNg13FazOpDgBCEgjx9tjM8EFze_O-aXswU9QnIdqbH_F5VOAPw6wDKCwRF7JSdGzDg41gUczc0jGUIG_RUQOoIzqPcq5KxPC7KkoHvTJDJls9CXI/s400/CUS_046-008F_P.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5652780733712726434" border="0" /></a><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbHY2kpVYpt1LdYBbenDB2taehNmITjHplyM4PiSQFbOWmKEFkNfyTBYn5vtduWdepo74cal72p0kwYZrRdZFE6gr4EIgVuJ7P1aVAD6WyPhfmFaRvaaLw5bDSRY9I6rcfxueyjKpADBU/s1600/CUS_046-008G_P.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 407px; height: 581px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbHY2kpVYpt1LdYBbenDB2taehNmITjHplyM4PiSQFbOWmKEFkNfyTBYn5vtduWdepo74cal72p0kwYZrRdZFE6gr4EIgVuJ7P1aVAD6WyPhfmFaRvaaLw5bDSRY9I6rcfxueyjKpADBU/s400/CUS_046-008G_P.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5652780622415192306" border="0" /></a><br /><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" >A great presentation on how to conduct the exam is given by John Hughes Bennett in </span><span style="font-style: italic;font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" >Clinical Lecture on the Principles and Practice of Medicine</span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" > (1844) and an abbreviated version of the same called </span><span style="font-style: italic;font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" >An Introduction to Clinical Medicine</span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" >. Bennett credits Leon Rostan, from whom he learned physical examination as a student in Paris, c.1837.</span><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lWYTEMVzSAU/TnKrUkU5MpI/AAAAAAAAABA/37EKVnxDpQA/s1600/CIPB0084.jpg"><img style="float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 211px; height: 211px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lWYTEMVzSAU/TnKrUkU5MpI/AAAAAAAAABA/37EKVnxDpQA/s400/CIPB0084.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5652768852140438162" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">A little digging reveals that Rostan developed his course around 1818 at La Salpetriere and that it was later codified as T<span style="font-style: italic;">raite elementaire de diagnostique, de pronostic, d'indications therapeutiqes ou cours de medecine clinique</span> (1826) and <span style="font-style: italic;">Cours de medecine clinique</span> (1830). Rostan's description of how to conduct a physical exam makes for exceedingly interesting reading.<br /><br />I'll report back on both what more I uncover, and what I will have learned from the workshop in Copenhagen. </span><br /></span></div><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span><br /></span><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><br />Jim Edmonson</span></span>James Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15433405959092555269noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-90939358106035453122011-07-30T19:53:00.000-07:002011-08-11T20:18:43.501-07:00Hiding in plain view...<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" ><span style="font-family:arial;">While working on the revamp of our gallery of diagnostic instruments, prompted by the generous gift of Don Blaufox's incomparable collection, I went in search of early images of the stethoscope in use. I knew that one of the earliest images appeared in 1819 in the <span style="font-style: italic;"> Dictionnaire des sciences medicales</span>. I recalled that Jackie Duffin reproduced this image in her masterful biography of Laennec, <span style="font-style: italic;">To See With a Better Eye</span> (p.212, fig. 9.1). She cited its source as an article on "pectoriloque" by F. V. Merat in the <span style="font-style: italic;">Dictionnaire des sciences medicales</span> vol. 40 (1819). </span></span><span style="font-size:130%;">
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<br /><a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHL0uYFhlSpsMd2dJC5xu8O_Oi76YikVHVnBC_LtgcYMOyhIkO1DczqJu8F8Avk2r5feU7asTHF_s-CwAeN0QmGMzkduOG_tKE3UqocL_i00L0E5VQU8RsYt82HFoqBCKRJnxKzVXACbs/s1600/Dictionaire-illus-detail.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 379px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHL0uYFhlSpsMd2dJC5xu8O_Oi76YikVHVnBC_LtgcYMOyhIkO1DczqJu8F8Avk2r5feU7asTHF_s-CwAeN0QmGMzkduOG_tKE3UqocL_i00L0E5VQU8RsYt82HFoqBCKRJnxKzVXACbs/s400/Dictionaire-illus-detail.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5635344737660170962" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-size:130%;">
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<br /></span><div style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">I checked our online catalog and found we didn't have that dictionary. Struck out, or so I thought. That is, until I found myself in the office of Dzwinka Holian, our library associate director this week. There, on shelving in her office, sat the full 60 volume run of the <span style="font-style: italic;">Dictionnaire des sciences medicales</span>. For some reason it has been uncatalogued, but we're remedying that. </span>
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<br /></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">In the meantime, I now have my hands on the original and it's a pretty funny little print. You don't get a sense of that from the image found in Duffin's book. She focused narrowly (understandably) on the scene of the stethoscope, and not the plate in its entirety. The whole plate is full page while the sketch is a very small afterthought, added to what looks like the plate of the stethoscope that appeared in Laennec's treatise on mediate auscultation of 1819. </span> <span style="font-family:arial;">The thing I like best about this whole scenario is that we have a piece of the true cross, as it were. Something from the very dawn of the modern physical examination. And it's not an exact mechanical rendering, but kind of a whimsical take on the physician - patient encounter, with period charm and flavor.</span>
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<br /></span></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_y8CO8HDWrevlTCndU_bVfI6ghuUnP69uLgp_APGScuHSyrxtzyxQhRo-OT6THjs3d0wiGjcwPuA4l5IeRmnBWoKT4rcf4qQvUuvvDaR6kKrIkstG3npAdzfn9TQDSo4IGlMB9W6rSio/s1600/Dictionaire-illus.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 380px; height: 603px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_y8CO8HDWrevlTCndU_bVfI6ghuUnP69uLgp_APGScuHSyrxtzyxQhRo-OT6THjs3d0wiGjcwPuA4l5IeRmnBWoKT4rcf4qQvUuvvDaR6kKrIkstG3npAdzfn9TQDSo4IGlMB9W6rSio/s400/Dictionaire-illus.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5635344940696348482" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-size:130%;">
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<br /></span></span><div style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">We've got other later period images, lithographs, of percussion and auscultation that appeared in the<span style="font-style: italic;"> Western Lancet </span>(Cincinnati, 1850) and have been seldom seen, and we'll be using them in our exhibition, too.
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<br /></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMF8gw4s9i75Xi0g1eJyrXEp275hT_4gLYWy1jX0TlNAw6DLGzrjEde4oZbsy4AfKEMVIqJT1zEEYrldOv81GDqxg1HLAfQJAxsHg1pWMQL62Lvw7irvlBFEwLfoeSijWbT2csA8HKO9k/s1600/Western+Lancet-2-.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 375px; height: 446px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMF8gw4s9i75Xi0g1eJyrXEp275hT_4gLYWy1jX0TlNAw6DLGzrjEde4oZbsy4AfKEMVIqJT1zEEYrldOv81GDqxg1HLAfQJAxsHg1pWMQL62Lvw7irvlBFEwLfoeSijWbT2csA8HKO9k/s400/Western+Lancet-2-.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5635345356865149314" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-size:130%;">
<br /><a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvZHM4M80XvF-vKs7ZuPSqGsZX1sIQjCso8IBJWXboauRKJ8Ba9Qn4RHJtqvZpTyo9ZpFMCPIVX095PpzdOhZQXtKJYTneQVBNwd7dgQHfMO6CJ8XG60XmSTHPmCqAycUobeRmQ0JJNHg/s1600/Western+Lancet-1.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 371px; height: 448px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvZHM4M80XvF-vKs7ZuPSqGsZX1sIQjCso8IBJWXboauRKJ8Ba9Qn4RHJtqvZpTyo9ZpFMCPIVX095PpzdOhZQXtKJYTneQVBNwd7dgQHfMO6CJ8XG60XmSTHPmCqAycUobeRmQ0JJNHg/s400/Western+Lancet-1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5635345608906315682" border="0" /></a></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >
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<br /></span><div style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">As my friend and colleague Thomas Soderqvist says, exhibits should come from research on collections. When it does, we often more about the wonderful things in our collections than ever suspected...</span> </span>
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<br />Jim Edmonson</span></span>James Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15433405959092555269noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-66986832026862598272011-05-13T13:30:00.001-07:002011-09-15T16:32:58.799-07:00Juno comes to the Dittrick<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" ><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" style="font-family: arial;" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkUxIEAyHHpAQTxxObZpWN1B5KIEa2dwz6opC6IA-2cN0jtoXAsDQSgtvD4SGL1Xo7VCd3yOmz4BSibkFReulOyLCkrMW5mw6eyiGCU-Hf0Of2lA5WD122FSKGVzwxA4VZSDoNerPHcTo/s1600/IMG_4064.jpg"><br /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" style="font-family: arial;" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAv7hZQE2LOzEn4xijKdzb3p5gVHufsgWU09TUhAd8a7g8CmWVSGY8D5d9KunCmVOpXzZDhO6Vu7qIBIy6OrAVkoE6737oGihB61Oj4HMqeDbYfTmmw1M-w8UWpFBcvYbfEzgW9Yk1-bU/s1600/juno-2.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 371px; height: 332px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAv7hZQE2LOzEn4xijKdzb3p5gVHufsgWU09TUhAd8a7g8CmWVSGY8D5d9KunCmVOpXzZDhO6Vu7qIBIy6OrAVkoE6737oGihB61Oj4HMqeDbYfTmmw1M-w8UWpFBcvYbfEzgW9Yk1-bU/s400/juno-2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5606342527914105266" border="0" /></a></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Just this past week the Dittrick became the new home to Juno, a transparent woman figure and exhibit mainstay of health museums worldwide. Our Juno lay entombed in her original packing crate, having been shipped to Cleveland from the German Hygiene Museum in Dresden in the early 1950s. Its destination was the Cleveland Health Education Museum (CHEM), which opened in 1940 under the direction of Bruno Gebhardt (formerly of the German Hygiene Museum, 1927-35) and featured state-of-the-art health exhibitry, including Juno.<br /><br /></span></div><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" style="font-family: arial;" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFMvxfndJthgfxXZh_fIa7hw82VzGyAi2UrFdS1ilohyWywrwBPdBW9F71zlpqCYNgG5ayuGFtMvLCOLF8LpGIu-15cpLZ-rELVZi0xGWAs3jcvqAodA4Hr77-Wy0QKSrj35Mvv1n76_g/s1600/IMG_4067.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 387px; height: 578px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFMvxfndJthgfxXZh_fIa7hw82VzGyAi2UrFdS1ilohyWywrwBPdBW9F71zlpqCYNgG5ayuGFtMvLCOLF8LpGIu-15cpLZ-rELVZi0xGWAs3jcvqAodA4Hr77-Wy0QKSrj35Mvv1n76_g/s400/IMG_4067.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5606342413046756978" border="0" /></a></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:130%;">Jim Edmonson and Linda Spurlock<br />take stock of the situation.<br /><br /></span></div><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" ><br /><a style="font-family: arial;" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkUxIEAyHHpAQTxxObZpWN1B5KIEa2dwz6opC6IA-2cN0jtoXAsDQSgtvD4SGL1Xo7VCd3yOmz4BSibkFReulOyLCkrMW5mw6eyiGCU-Hf0Of2lA5WD122FSKGVzwxA4VZSDoNerPHcTo/s1600/IMG_4064.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 375px; height: 477px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkUxIEAyHHpAQTxxObZpWN1B5KIEa2dwz6opC6IA-2cN0jtoXAsDQSgtvD4SGL1Xo7VCd3yOmz4BSibkFReulOyLCkrMW5mw6eyiGCU-Hf0Of2lA5WD122FSKGVzwxA4VZSDoNerPHcTo/s400/IMG_4064.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5606342769644388482" border="0" /></a></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" >Franz Tschaikart of Cologne, Germany, crafted Juno upon commission by the German Hygiene Museum. In 1950, a friend of the Health Museum paid $15,000 to bring Juno to Cleveland. "She" first appeared in public on November 13, 1950. </span><br /></div><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" style="font-family: arial;" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1K0OwnpYJdNRkGv0RtTJG0v3rXnoYSm5tPd46LVgXNplHu0uDSxp2pabaesNeNBq13truKDon4qAayMm_iQbn0ilqIqbV17-MVPlfiGO-TB_JgIAIV61yxqOLQXcJF0HZ8rgg5-cfxCI/s1600/Juno-warehouse.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 386px; height: 622px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1K0OwnpYJdNRkGv0RtTJG0v3rXnoYSm5tPd46LVgXNplHu0uDSxp2pabaesNeNBq13truKDon4qAayMm_iQbn0ilqIqbV17-MVPlfiGO-TB_JgIAIV61yxqOLQXcJF0HZ8rgg5-cfxCI/s400/Juno-warehouse.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5606341944865031218" border="0" /></a></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:130%;"> In all, the CHEM housed three Juno-like figures. Over the years they became a Cleveland icon, greeting generations of school kids on field trips to the museum. Sadly, CHEM (later known as HealthSpace Cleveland) closed in 2006 and a vestige of its exhibits and staff came over to the Cleveland Museum of Natural History in 2007. There, as the Department of Human Health headed by Linda Spurlock, they now now offer programming and exhibits to help understand the physiology and frailty of the human body, the sources of disease and the grounding of wellness. Another Juno welcomes museum visitors there.<br /><br /></span></div><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" style="font-family: arial;" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9gDXyMoUI1bL4VpSlVl6EomWQ0B53-3Y-n4XJ0ErO54eGXCkw_WbdQXpI6v9CdGG3ytd05O4IXxDVSWu9cIG6jklpp_mVLQIP06ysIc86SEcdrmmQ_G962B_23iITr0qIOKcgCqEydJQ/s1600/Juno1.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 375px; height: 325px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9gDXyMoUI1bL4VpSlVl6EomWQ0B53-3Y-n4XJ0ErO54eGXCkw_WbdQXpI6v9CdGG3ytd05O4IXxDVSWu9cIG6jklpp_mVLQIP06ysIc86SEcdrmmQ_G962B_23iITr0qIOKcgCqEydJQ/s400/Juno1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5606341781369640642" border="0" /></a></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" ><span style="font-family:arial;"> Our Juno was a backup, but now will greet visitors to the Dittrick as they exit the elevator on the third floor of our home, the Allen Memorial Medical Library. We'll use our Juno to discuss Cleveland's museological heritage, and announce our continuing commitment to showcase issues surrounding women's health.<br /><br /></span></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" ><span style="font-family:arial;">Jim Edmonson</span></span><br /><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" ><span style="font-family:arial;">p.s. - I refer those intrigued by Juno and her male counterparts to Klaus Vogel’s article, “The Transparent Man – Some comments on the history of a symbol,” in Robert Bud, et al, <span style="font-style: italic;">Manifesting Medicine: Bodies and Machines </span>[Artefacts, Studies in the History of Science and Technology , Vol 1], Amsterdam, the Netherlands : Harwood Academic, 1999.</span></span><br /></div>James Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15433405959092555269noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-67907595568022976342011-05-06T11:46:00.000-07:002011-05-06T22:16:35.464-07:00Le Livre Sans Titre, 1830<span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" ><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixoGIfp-BVkF8hIzuKHDNyyN3ZKnN1TnjUHDt9YoIXgNlGDEuH2Db0A7QxSuqbOlr_g1vZlSQ1AcLjHtfsi8Et7NvORJg_shMw2FxPxw4iZ1rt0k3_EbqI-uVnV5J0ublGc_7apojKHgE/s1600/cover+low+res.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 326px; height: 489px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixoGIfp-BVkF8hIzuKHDNyyN3ZKnN1TnjUHDt9YoIXgNlGDEuH2Db0A7QxSuqbOlr_g1vZlSQ1AcLjHtfsi8Et7NvORJg_shMw2FxPxw4iZ1rt0k3_EbqI-uVnV5J0ublGc_7apojKHgE/s400/cover+low+res.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5603679707516683442" border="0" /></a></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;"><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" >At the recent 2011 meeting of the American Association for the History of Medicine in Philadelphia I picked up a curious tract on the perils of self-abuse, or onanism. Merely speaking the word in polite company invited rebuke in the nineteenth century, so the author simply entitled his work "The Book without a Title," or <span style="font-style: italic;">Le Livre Sans Titre</span>. It's dated 1830 and is distinguished by the charming (may I use that word in this context?) hand-colored depictions of the progressive physical (and moral) decline of the young man in question. A cautionary morality tale indeed! I've translated the captions from French to English, but words are hardly necessary to capture the flavor and tenor of this work...</span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /><br /></span></div><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm7FYSNJ7Xp2JnOy1108PtFrEbBuFzlig8BbRBNMQgBGOaYXJb3SL8HIzkdtj3mGQnRLL9KTRPGXzyrwSCgaBEa93pT_9-htU3CkwnigK7v4nsrpExM9LCKuks56QKtFzdATTziG_mkEI/s1600/title-page+low+res.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 323px; height: 504px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgm7FYSNJ7Xp2JnOy1108PtFrEbBuFzlig8BbRBNMQgBGOaYXJb3SL8HIzkdtj3mGQnRLL9KTRPGXzyrwSCgaBEa93pT_9-htU3CkwnigK7v4nsrpExM9LCKuks56QKtFzdATTziG_mkEI/s400/title-page+low+res.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5603679635181879922" border="0" /></a></span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjom0-W3rXwoygTvmYVU9dPeyHI9v_oPqvR3LajnX0EIO-Q6nRQ8EERo08hqWxPlohMKVBfA9CjXlRDdFhW1bEjEAWkF_LoA_t8QpAAoCwZ12fGzaVA5BKJ07oensKRAnsBc0Bdgf6l7O0/s1600/01-illustration+low+res.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 328px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjom0-W3rXwoygTvmYVU9dPeyHI9v_oPqvR3LajnX0EIO-Q6nRQ8EERo08hqWxPlohMKVBfA9CjXlRDdFhW1bEjEAWkF_LoA_t8QpAAoCwZ12fGzaVA5BKJ07oensKRAnsBc0Bdgf6l7O0/s400/01-illustration+low+res.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5603679549486238450" border="0" /></a></span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">He was young, handsome; his mother's fond hope</span><br /></span></div><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTuI-L1GYEAuwgYDcuTFWp-BXliZvHnienmbys562NedDx24HbMW0ZxvQRprO4aji982rmi2oDH_PkCRtKJVdFFT15dDrOtBdJILEpZ-mVVB_hY8tweN6OWqmp-n2SvlsrfmOAGE2oKQg/s1600/02-illustration+low+res.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 310px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTuI-L1GYEAuwgYDcuTFWp-BXliZvHnienmbys562NedDx24HbMW0ZxvQRprO4aji982rmi2oDH_PkCRtKJVdFFT15dDrOtBdJILEpZ-mVVB_hY8tweN6OWqmp-n2SvlsrfmOAGE2oKQg/s400/02-illustration+low+res.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5603679479895068946" border="0" /></a></span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >He corrupted himself!... soon he bore the grief of<br />his error, old before his time... his back hunches</span><span style="font-size:130%;">...<br /></span></div><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPgDw6kb-TUAv31bJEV-DTBjUHUjp0tW2zwgQsIrelGRBqDbOHi8zPGqBPVnbVgpkEAKPet2hcdSlH8fpzdqypjmydaTpEoVkJ8v2Ce7e8Z0KqasEeSaYhS80RNkFNWuuyc2M6BA3SBxY/s1600/03-illustration+low+res.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 312px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPgDw6kb-TUAv31bJEV-DTBjUHUjp0tW2zwgQsIrelGRBqDbOHi8zPGqBPVnbVgpkEAKPet2hcdSlH8fpzdqypjmydaTpEoVkJ8v2Ce7e8Z0KqasEeSaYhS80RNkFNWuuyc2M6BA3SBxY/s400/03-illustration+low+res.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5603679399629658114" border="0" /></a></span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">A devouring fire sears his gut;</span><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">he suffers horrible stomach pains...</span><br /></span></div><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdQEOAkWZtOyFhz-YL253f6WMdGalM71TiIFzHBRvKOECQB-SNJg0t3uQ1ADqnk40OU3clrz30JRkjBukkCYJUmnS_v3-_lF_o8XzhoHayvyN6XsXgVpQ8bc-Mj_m4nTvk2FhUEsVOI9I/s1600/04-illustration+low+res.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 312px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdQEOAkWZtOyFhz-YL253f6WMdGalM71TiIFzHBRvKOECQB-SNJg0t3uQ1ADqnk40OU3clrz30JRkjBukkCYJUmnS_v3-_lF_o8XzhoHayvyN6XsXgVpQ8bc-Mj_m4nTvk2FhUEsVOI9I/s400/04-illustration+low+res.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5603679327276963618" border="0" /></a></span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >See his eyes once so pure, so brilliant;<br />they are extinguished! a fiery band envelops them.</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></div><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEFGcGbrJ48OU3farMAXm7yK-1r52LFfM-kb-phDzklW7NdK3Kt2Pbk0qtrn5kmkszd_0ZIV-PsDp7SOP8JpHzy_64cRTBH0muihiA7OtiN-b2o6Bo9EUBxA_fJtSJfWedpdr_pZZ1Y7E/s1600/05-illustration+low+res.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 314px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEFGcGbrJ48OU3farMAXm7yK-1r52LFfM-kb-phDzklW7NdK3Kt2Pbk0qtrn5kmkszd_0ZIV-PsDp7SOP8JpHzy_64cRTBH0muihiA7OtiN-b2o6Bo9EUBxA_fJtSJfWedpdr_pZZ1Y7E/s400/05-illustration+low+res.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5603679257522629442" border="0" /></a></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >He can't walk any more... his legs give way</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></div><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi77uFp-Y3dLlb1tgTke0mBgjjs497XgTSKdTAJUVKglgOQyYgJTAiYOpaEeHW6GW1ffjBDbZNuw7eX00KsH7BDLIVCYE9Tcspf7CbzjCvM29IgMieyQXu3Xx0javmH_AncHlX5NLvh_Z4/s1600/06-illustration+low+res.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 311px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi77uFp-Y3dLlb1tgTke0mBgjjs497XgTSKdTAJUVKglgOQyYgJTAiYOpaEeHW6GW1ffjBDbZNuw7eX00KsH7BDLIVCYE9Tcspf7CbzjCvM29IgMieyQXu3Xx0javmH_AncHlX5NLvh_Z4/s400/06-illustration+low+res.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5603679184898013538" border="0" /></a></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >Hideous dreams disturb his slumber...<br />he cannot sleep</span><span style="font-size:130%;">...<br /></span></div><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgii4G41wzp8LCsvtlgkZaDq6Olmdt1KRG45MLibZWATf8zrYegbGsWyDD2Vpd_Z9SdeM0iPly8xZWtu5nhT9Kv55hjUOLnXOpjiwrxljW7gCu3e6QaLuTMkQW2k8O-dPxp0Smc8ipb-f0/s1600/07-illustration+low+res.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 311px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgii4G41wzp8LCsvtlgkZaDq6Olmdt1KRG45MLibZWATf8zrYegbGsWyDD2Vpd_Z9SdeM0iPly8xZWtu5nhT9Kv55hjUOLnXOpjiwrxljW7gCu3e6QaLuTMkQW2k8O-dPxp0Smc8ipb-f0/s400/07-illustration+low+res.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5603679102563834498" border="0" /></a></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >His teeth rot and fall out</span><span style="font-size:130%;">...<br /></span></div><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfJ8FaJMovzATAA2KrZwvG-xIViNYgL-Na0vVpy6Q0wIpaFJm07EZxLgR8PhEuEJEW-wfUxZoWmPY1iLzNrhBubRv_u5i5oRGPqC41V_k3i0TOdRSlTF3BEuKRwpS9GMhk4ZFaC-20FiU/s1600/08-illustration+low+res.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 331px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfJ8FaJMovzATAA2KrZwvG-xIViNYgL-Na0vVpy6Q0wIpaFJm07EZxLgR8PhEuEJEW-wfUxZoWmPY1iLzNrhBubRv_u5i5oRGPqC41V_k3i0TOdRSlTF3BEuKRwpS9GMhk4ZFaC-20FiU/s400/08-illustration+low+res.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5603679021681802338" border="0" /></a></span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >His chest burns... he spits up blood...</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></div><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZmZoFucS-GOBCFdNXBwNkQwJLJSFqiOSEPa0i00iKpnB9y8fb-5uZhAMEeAJF1gGI3DJF5lIWbumpD78qdBu8FDUxEJjzPlvVTVLnJmkSumwq0PaBCldi6dt1-7yjax_iL4WCZMhv79k/s1600/09-illustration+low+res.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 306px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZmZoFucS-GOBCFdNXBwNkQwJLJSFqiOSEPa0i00iKpnB9y8fb-5uZhAMEeAJF1gGI3DJF5lIWbumpD78qdBu8FDUxEJjzPlvVTVLnJmkSumwq0PaBCldi6dt1-7yjax_iL4WCZMhv79k/s400/09-illustration+low+res.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5603678943845550562" border="0" /></a></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >His hair, once so lovely, falls as if from old age;<br />his scalp grows bald before his age</span><span style="font-size:130%;">....<br /></span></div><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNeH9KyUsADAq2Uep1XE7IdFNLxFzNLTCaz8YiZoIRDvU87hmR9B5OGjJsx9rQBwFv9RXXf-zwPt5i42VazJfyJ9mZSo9uuyAmZgbh1FVJCaJk3Aaq-JG2aWBIzDbhYR00CUmGEFcz5rA/s1600/10-illustration+low+res.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 305px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNeH9KyUsADAq2Uep1XE7IdFNLxFzNLTCaz8YiZoIRDvU87hmR9B5OGjJsx9rQBwFv9RXXf-zwPt5i42VazJfyJ9mZSo9uuyAmZgbh1FVJCaJk3Aaq-JG2aWBIzDbhYR00CUmGEFcz5rA/s400/10-illustration+low+res.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5603678868066930146" border="0" /></a></span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >He hungers; he wants to satiate his appetite;<br />food won't stay down in his stomach...</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></div><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM2OYnUEPKbUvIF1Z1eb03dBdnFkNnIIb1IoYBff9dlrLfMqeGsqoNpU3xtUxN2aGBMs9SbCOODu4DBSC0pnecpF0XW0zH2p6U02tVAeXWkA2Xy2VA8WExidArZXlngmzmItwxrU4XBYU/s1600/11-illustration+low+res.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 323px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM2OYnUEPKbUvIF1Z1eb03dBdnFkNnIIb1IoYBff9dlrLfMqeGsqoNpU3xtUxN2aGBMs9SbCOODu4DBSC0pnecpF0XW0zH2p6U02tVAeXWkA2Xy2VA8WExidArZXlngmzmItwxrU4XBYU/s400/11-illustration+low+res.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5603678778453569810" border="0" /></a></span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >His chest collapses... he vomits blood...</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></div><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjujomcURJktlz1jCrGTIgpB3t-xzumngac5Ub7nuH8mESjvOR8yY4l7BIr3jUvSdunhpuPv8zwRatrxhyacbwGTmQWCjgdUfCB8p-dWN1rkQkvr3G8FfHET0L4DrI3aTKOure8jrFtQs/s1600/12-illustration+low+res.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 314px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjujomcURJktlz1jCrGTIgpB3t-xzumngac5Ub7nuH8mESjvOR8yY4l7BIr3jUvSdunhpuPv8zwRatrxhyacbwGTmQWCjgdUfCB8p-dWN1rkQkvr3G8FfHET0L4DrI3aTKOure8jrFtQs/s400/12-illustration+low+res.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5603678637461389154" border="0" /></a></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >Pustules cover his entire body... He is terrible to behold!</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></div><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbq9UEmvSWaduy9CZaCKF7P53rCQX7YC-OLR1NyXc1NyMX5QwBXqTKQQN327kZhC-6fisSALf40pixevS-Eb3ftQXY7JqO6Y4y3hJMWY9nZjTvjP8pHrgYP6Gs0F_PFMFWqck_mUH2ZzE/s1600/13-illustration+low+res.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 303px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbq9UEmvSWaduy9CZaCKF7P53rCQX7YC-OLR1NyXc1NyMX5QwBXqTKQQN327kZhC-6fisSALf40pixevS-Eb3ftQXY7JqO6Y4y3hJMWY9nZjTvjP8pHrgYP6Gs0F_PFMFWqck_mUH2ZzE/s400/13-illustration+low+res.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5603678550313484610" border="0" /></a></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >A slow fever consumes him, he declines;<br />all of his body burns up...</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></div><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwRWMPVMVIJnGX5tNB2-rP6mxp1YqJLCmXOqKMFYLI9TVRHZslnfLnD9FuKGk8tfybjaj2SZQQ_GKy0Lqd0f0h6k0SQhsmNdWEnqQ0PqPRqYR6JM50d9-1TS1W6-dm4KS1hUAh58mq5RQ/s1600/14-illustration+low+res.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 312px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwRWMPVMVIJnGX5tNB2-rP6mxp1YqJLCmXOqKMFYLI9TVRHZslnfLnD9FuKGk8tfybjaj2SZQQ_GKy0Lqd0f0h6k0SQhsmNdWEnqQ0PqPRqYR6JM50d9-1TS1W6-dm4KS1hUAh58mq5RQ/s400/14-illustration+low+res.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5603678466503403762" border="0" /></a></span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >His entire body stiffens!... his limbs stop moving</span><span style="font-size:130%;">...<br /></span></div><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi00hXrCaIEwtx0rkkqJkI9vLI4Kn-KadSVfl9wP0kfJu5bAC_4CHi0HdnmSWT5YPm4bABl-QU3-Jukj-hh0J4IHN1RofgxlALgdrQHKWDpkj3MUMgdtfavB-3a6Yy8TD775jzi2ZKkkaY/s1600/15-illustration+low+res.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 302px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi00hXrCaIEwtx0rkkqJkI9vLI4Kn-KadSVfl9wP0kfJu5bAC_4CHi0HdnmSWT5YPm4bABl-QU3-Jukj-hh0J4IHN1RofgxlALgdrQHKWDpkj3MUMgdtfavB-3a6Yy8TD775jzi2ZKkkaY/s400/15-illustration+low+res.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5603678362798703442" border="0" /></a></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >He is delirious; he stiffens against death;<br />death gains strength...</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></div><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUU7T18dcDZBtyX-pYS0PirD9Z7LdPXhaj5mLBLF6MpDyN5dNZ_eHNmCGpE0yFhKLSPYmJ895fDEDiy_4y3MTruV2cj96OR4uQREQaZWxMZY3xvdqgPVFtHmXgFv7m0fYK98Qn5RjVvxg/s1600/16-illustration+low+res.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 316px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiUU7T18dcDZBtyX-pYS0PirD9Z7LdPXhaj5mLBLF6MpDyN5dNZ_eHNmCGpE0yFhKLSPYmJ895fDEDiy_4y3MTruV2cj96OR4uQREQaZWxMZY3xvdqgPVFtHmXgFv7m0fYK98Qn5RjVvxg/s400/16-illustration+low+res.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5603678227410205186" border="0" /></a></span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >At the age of 17, he expires, and in horrible torment</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span></div><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /><br /><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">The only library listing for this book in WorldCat is the British Museum. But then again, if you can't give a book a title, it might prove pretty hard to find! We're happy to have it as part of the library for the Percy Skuy Collection at the Dittrick. </span><br /></span></div><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" ><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> Jim Edmonson</span></span>James Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15433405959092555269noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-90104638846317429622011-04-11T10:30:00.000-07:002011-04-11T11:00:56.110-07:00Obscura Day at the Dittrick, 2011<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiyJmBEmE5LPonqqAkL1SFitNVwcAKspk_6mxxA2dHFzQojrVfjaJrpQlfEayqT0Vp85wIf5hkS9mPTSLo_4drSo3V_IgWHsNnMak5LcJWT4inM9C3ohYKv2qho0seTDqW0sTsxSyW73xk/s1600/photos-set-up.jpg"><br /></a><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihi2bjr0RKD6ZwjHpfDtZkibgAHhhSTYgJkJs3D8weBBNVK9eHbtrkR26uMUzAZaEBVQnJiFpW3D0m1UXPXRz-VerLwvLXlhbnmkg3sBZmD4C8xgen4d9OQZn4iLO6VgihwNN1VYpmPAY/s1600/IMG_4334.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 390px; height: 580px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihi2bjr0RKD6ZwjHpfDtZkibgAHhhSTYgJkJs3D8weBBNVK9eHbtrkR26uMUzAZaEBVQnJiFpW3D0m1UXPXRz-VerLwvLXlhbnmkg3sBZmD4C8xgen4d9OQZn4iLO6VgihwNN1VYpmPAY/s400/IMG_4334.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5594381274705107410" border="0" /></a><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:times new roman;" >Images from the dermatology clinic of William Thomas Corlett (1854-1948), Professor of Dermatology and Syphilology at Western Reserve University, presented by Dittrick's Assistant Curator, Laura Travis, in the Stecher Rare Book Room</span></span></span><br /></div><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;" >We had great fun last Saturday hosting <a href="http://atlasobscura.com/blog">Obscura Day 2011</a>. For a couple of hours we shared some seldom-seen treasures of the Dittrick, ranging from the earliest medical book with woodcut images (The <span style="font-style: italic;">Fasciculus Medicinae</span> of Johannes de Ketham, 1495), to instruments that invoke a grimace and cringe (lithotrites, tonsillotomes, &c), to clinical photos from the 1890s depicting dread diseases like smallpox and syphilis. We're already thinking about Obscura Day 2012 -- how about a magic lantern show, including some medical slides? Sound like fun, eh?</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;" >For now, here are some more pics from Obscura Day at the Dittrick. It is my understanding that there will be a Flickr page for Obscura Day</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">. </span><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Jim Edmonson</span><br /></div><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6kox413h9B8GGKLLANevt3fQ9zy9n_QSF7fjfSIcovTPJR0aQk5NGdyR0XSnoxyDiMLj0FxTWsNgkVRxqNIYxDzuLbqZcpBAyhwv75Hzgd5jSBu2gM7AAx5a1u5SQpDdwnbfGbnqbQ4o/s1600/IMG_4333.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 398px; height: 265px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6kox413h9B8GGKLLANevt3fQ9zy9n_QSF7fjfSIcovTPJR0aQk5NGdyR0XSnoxyDiMLj0FxTWsNgkVRxqNIYxDzuLbqZcpBAyhwv75Hzgd5jSBu2gM7AAx5a1u5SQpDdwnbfGbnqbQ4o/s400/IMG_4333.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5594381112413939746" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-family: times new roman; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:85%;" >Photos from <a href="http://www.blastbooks.com/dissection.htm">Dissection: Photographs of a Rite of Passage in American Medicine, 1880-1930</a> by Warner and Edmonson.</span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPcHYaXebKovD2O-yAuPOpUC08HgugbUSq7059QJhEoKLili724-yqarqgmhenxdw7KYr1u9C-TQdsp36khxLyWiuwA-nAOlN3nizqons9XZzoOqf4BEDrx1W9asNXqoURigrvSCJAVcA/s1600/IMG_4335.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 396px; height: 264px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiPcHYaXebKovD2O-yAuPOpUC08HgugbUSq7059QJhEoKLili724-yqarqgmhenxdw7KYr1u9C-TQdsp36khxLyWiuwA-nAOlN3nizqons9XZzoOqf4BEDrx1W9asNXqoURigrvSCJAVcA/s400/IMG_4335.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5594380938180167666" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-WvOl7REl2WGL84s5P8sv7OxOyz5wjHvTNQvx4B89VJEyhWBw3F85hNUxSV6BLRpAc4n0k7Urh-_KDN8D4tg4CQcSj3FXHtZ0i-bZ4jNRGoDouCw8eQgmd1NTEVrrGla9d3YV2n65BA8/s1600/Jim-rare-books.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 395px; height: 263px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-WvOl7REl2WGL84s5P8sv7OxOyz5wjHvTNQvx4B89VJEyhWBw3F85hNUxSV6BLRpAc4n0k7Urh-_KDN8D4tg4CQcSj3FXHtZ0i-bZ4jNRGoDouCw8eQgmd1NTEVrrGla9d3YV2n65BA8/s400/Jim-rare-books.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5594380661230308002" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:85%;" >Chief Curator Jim Edmonson presenting a sampler of gems from the rare book collection, on display in the Zverina Room, the Dittrick's seminar room and museum library of trade catalogues.</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAOuZL0YCBUXcVCb3I4qYjZD8pryyHwjARPg-0bjDPdRjLap1CVtJkKpwYn8kJfZNIpMssZt9QhBWLjjEnGjIGzCAZQl1e12ktXhjDuDXkUYcaQXOWq6RfSHkn7ZDomuW43xB14uFJcWE/s1600/IMG_4343.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 398px; height: 594px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAOuZL0YCBUXcVCb3I4qYjZD8pryyHwjARPg-0bjDPdRjLap1CVtJkKpwYn8kJfZNIpMssZt9QhBWLjjEnGjIGzCAZQl1e12ktXhjDuDXkUYcaQXOWq6RfSHkn7ZDomuW43xB14uFJcWE/s400/IMG_4343.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5594380545992008418" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:85%;" >Jennifer Nieves, Dittrick archivist and museum registrar, showing Jim a selection of instruments from the Dittrick's extensive artifact collection.</span><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEEjJSY9nmfwSbtNhL3vYu9en39eLZppeB9mUeB-l-1CGOscV_etdE9yXbEVrICZSZlD3sGnT61KVt0qJrCqjZqHYtC43zWnpr0BOuqgN6n25PtnL65qmS4QgFZnsItUwpEfI1Q38XFvg/s1600/IMG_4328.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 389px; height: 259px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEEjJSY9nmfwSbtNhL3vYu9en39eLZppeB9mUeB-l-1CGOscV_etdE9yXbEVrICZSZlD3sGnT61KVt0qJrCqjZqHYtC43zWnpr0BOuqgN6n25PtnL65qmS4QgFZnsItUwpEfI1Q38XFvg/s400/IMG_4328.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5594380316887338834" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsmEkUnRTbHY1o4fMZ0AeHTuyf_BYRl-sWQ_0kUsQfd-Ca3MZyojDEtT2BrrX9hr9455ABkqvGs8B7hSn263t7viFswuNvtT1ppifKhi2zEcEGASdPlzhArlDAYR8oHXyDFWlJa_jAOik/s1600/IMG_4324.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 394px; height: 262px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgsmEkUnRTbHY1o4fMZ0AeHTuyf_BYRl-sWQ_0kUsQfd-Ca3MZyojDEtT2BrrX9hr9455ABkqvGs8B7hSn263t7viFswuNvtT1ppifKhi2zEcEGASdPlzhArlDAYR8oHXyDFWlJa_jAOik/s400/IMG_4324.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5594380189041280162" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:85%;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:85%;" >Drinks among diaphragms: wine and cheese reception in the history of contraception gallery</span><br /></div><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span><span style="font-family:arial;"></span>James Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15433405959092555269noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-60759672668139081692011-04-05T06:33:00.000-07:002011-04-05T06:47:56.251-07:00Dirt: The filthy reality of everyday life (at the Wellcome Collection)<div style="text-align: center;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjwNinBO07eebQto9uZ9DjcWkyD2Zi512zh2oIalbbyJt9OloAvbukR-Lmf2fHEtmNzBExjDXaCFuRt6kR2pyDj3kouWy4yctw3mmXCBCB3tvTgJvg3Yxql9chD4-mWCxVZCxTEyp3Ges/s1600/aa7f1422-42bc-4372-a6c0-381b64cf1b43_2_0.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 412px; height: 215px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjwNinBO07eebQto9uZ9DjcWkyD2Zi512zh2oIalbbyJt9OloAvbukR-Lmf2fHEtmNzBExjDXaCFuRt6kR2pyDj3kouWy4yctw3mmXCBCB3tvTgJvg3Yxql9chD4-mWCxVZCxTEyp3Ges/s400/aa7f1422-42bc-4372-a6c0-381b64cf1b43_2_0.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5592092524388715186" border="0" /></a><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">The ravages of cholera, a disease of filth</span>,<br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">as seen in </span><span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Dirt: the filthy reality of everyday life</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">.</span><br /><br /></div> <style>@font-face { font-family: "Times"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }a:link, span.MsoHyperlink { color: blue; text-decoration: underline; }a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed { color: purple; text-decoration: underline; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; </style><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); text-align: justify;" class="MsoNormal"> </p><div style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >The folks at the Wellcome Collection have done it again.</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >Take a totally banal, prosaic subject -- in this case, dirt -- and re-contextualize it by means of drawings, engravings, film, and artifacts.</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >Though all around us in varying ways, dirt is also taboo, in that talking about it and acknowledging its presence is unsettling.</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >Better off ignoring it,</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >according to common wisdom.</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >But <span style="font-style: italic;">Dirt: The filthy reality of everyday life</span> takes all this head-on.</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >The result is an evocative cultural and social history, driven by visually arresting images.</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >Health and medicine are of course at the heart of this story, but often in surprising and intriguing ways.</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >Can’t wait to see it in person this summer.</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" >For the meantime, one can get a better idea of the range and character of <span style="font-style: italic;">Dirt</span> from a great sampler of images and objects on the Wellcome Collection <a href="http://www.wellcomecollection.org/whats-on/exhibitions/dirt.aspx">website</a>.</span><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></div> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;" class="MsoNormal"> </p> <span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;">Curatorial credit for the exhibition goes to Kate Forde, James Peto, and Lucy Shanahan.</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;">See mention and reviews of Dirt in the <a href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/mar/23/filthy-new-exhibition-explores-importance-of-dirt/">Washington Times</a>, the <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/2011/mar/23/wellcome-collection-dirt-exhibition">Guardian</a>, and the <a href="http://www.montrealgazette.com/story_print.html?id=4502626&sponsor">Montreal Gazette</a></span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></p><p face="arial" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Jim Edmonson</span><br /></span></p>James Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15433405959092555269noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-36192949363925863022011-03-18T20:01:00.000-07:002011-03-18T20:17:27.772-07:00CIA students draw surgical artifacts for class<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZBAe_WuPCh76Prdm9NQvi-apS9pvDHPf-ZWHsFcLSeIhAGwquO2htWd2nhYmODav_ofjduD9_pHo-HViCS287-d9svClY80pLJEeIZC6uIwNuNYNM46oFl2shOtCs5OUjr3UpnkIjcgY/s1600/blog3845.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 267px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZBAe_WuPCh76Prdm9NQvi-apS9pvDHPf-ZWHsFcLSeIhAGwquO2htWd2nhYmODav_ofjduD9_pHo-HViCS287-d9svClY80pLJEeIZC6uIwNuNYNM46oFl2shOtCs5OUjr3UpnkIjcgY/s400/blog3845.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5585623218332007442" border="0" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Today we hosted another great group of students from the Biomedical Art program of the Cleveland Institute of Art. Prof. Tom Nowacki brought his medical illustration class to the Dittrick once again to draw surgical instruments from our collections. The sampling varied from O'Dwyer intubation sets to Tarnier's cephalotribe to Bigelow's lithotrite. The assignment revolved around the challenge of showing how these things worked, mechanically, and how they related to the body parts and tissue. </span></span><br /></div><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /></span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNud-RsYPkq3vxyAJgVOeAbeX71OMgVKH8Nv3v_IxWrcrIxkTlU6q_-YJPLdb7IrWmnoaCoVT5q3THlM0kh1dQzphXUaYJPAvHytb1sFuo-pbR97pVIIVBq7wYEipvm5gAHH4iIwk5ESY/s1600/blog3837.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 267px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNud-RsYPkq3vxyAJgVOeAbeX71OMgVKH8Nv3v_IxWrcrIxkTlU6q_-YJPLdb7IrWmnoaCoVT5q3THlM0kh1dQzphXUaYJPAvHytb1sFuo-pbR97pVIIVBq7wYEipvm5gAHH4iIwk5ESY/s400/blog3837.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5585622995515212802" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh95t2Wm6q1nXCWRPtVhFDtRf0h3Ma0oXsJ5HcW2PqskGFo8D1QrNY4YEXUcAgmOUyemkEmHUqoS5QaiLCLHd9d8H3coV6rlz-IN4iWKcSz8JlW_x2L5YHVgm5EJBx6RXHGzXMPIVenC8w/s1600/blog3840.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 267px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh95t2Wm6q1nXCWRPtVhFDtRf0h3Ma0oXsJ5HcW2PqskGFo8D1QrNY4YEXUcAgmOUyemkEmHUqoS5QaiLCLHd9d8H3coV6rlz-IN4iWKcSz8JlW_x2L5YHVgm5EJBx6RXHGzXMPIVenC8w/s400/blog3840.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5585622858750750018" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhopYphcdmoh8hoiwISPyGtwKcQ0zeTVc-1lyeLg_rHc6i5m_ujKwzS4bkRh2DfP2sxa7L_t3ajtVOpOu2o_S4cx2MvcsFDiXpmsJqIOxxNMXmeC2uK0kkojAU56Kmv6rjLTsiEUJWt0AM/s1600/blog3848.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 267px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhopYphcdmoh8hoiwISPyGtwKcQ0zeTVc-1lyeLg_rHc6i5m_ujKwzS4bkRh2DfP2sxa7L_t3ajtVOpOu2o_S4cx2MvcsFDiXpmsJqIOxxNMXmeC2uK0kkojAU56Kmv6rjLTsiEUJWt0AM/s400/blog3848.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5585622709842868946" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-size: 100%;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />See some of the projects from last year. I'll post those from the 2011 class when they're done in a week or so.<br /><br /><br /></span></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFnd1Mv-Niho0vnypt4aHB3s3y3txNz2rY54wYRG_s3Kmd1GmSmuvxYQgdz3AXRs8pMfbK1BrqLHm2wGNuh9S9r2b2zl7N3YgSCg1CvfZEE056xkpAaAOVwERoheTqnydjXs7iW_pDdTo/s1600/low+res+tshah_project3.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 387px; height: 500px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFnd1Mv-Niho0vnypt4aHB3s3y3txNz2rY54wYRG_s3Kmd1GmSmuvxYQgdz3AXRs8pMfbK1BrqLHm2wGNuh9S9r2b2zl7N3YgSCg1CvfZEE056xkpAaAOVwERoheTqnydjXs7iW_pDdTo/s400/low+res+tshah_project3.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5585622427934165378" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFzCAgfDjj7wvTsOCYIxPrsRm5qPxDEZc6CiyHBUxZUcVfIMTuPHkRsklH62wcI8qsV9uDYKycAan3LaRryHNMs_8uPkGBFHOlvVeDrUIjQFJCMOuPib7WoRPr73RAsfY55-OLQdR7VDg/s1600/low+res+ML_project3.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 291px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFzCAgfDjj7wvTsOCYIxPrsRm5qPxDEZc6CiyHBUxZUcVfIMTuPHkRsklH62wcI8qsV9uDYKycAan3LaRryHNMs_8uPkGBFHOlvVeDrUIjQFJCMOuPib7WoRPr73RAsfY55-OLQdR7VDg/s400/low+res+ML_project3.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5585622303640617922" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTbyBmDS3mia4EIg4kVbCS3zRvSZoQz06ENRZWzGfnACkq5AOS_wUJYrH71xDraQ07SK-QRacWHi8MvrN0BKGmmzrmPU-UTNEeNTBk17gN8mCYvlUflW39mx8D9ETXuEMPg4rEAvT6ZSc/s1600/low+res+Howat_Project+3.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 309px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTbyBmDS3mia4EIg4kVbCS3zRvSZoQz06ENRZWzGfnACkq5AOS_wUJYrH71xDraQ07SK-QRacWHi8MvrN0BKGmmzrmPU-UTNEeNTBk17gN8mCYvlUflW39mx8D9ETXuEMPg4rEAvT6ZSc/s400/low+res+Howat_Project+3.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5585622195217648162" border="0" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br /></span></span> </div><span style="font-size:100%;"> <span style="font-family:arial;">Jim Edmonson</span></span>James Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15433405959092555269noreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-7598773285078410822011-03-15T13:13:00.000-07:002011-03-16T07:13:56.937-07:00Sue Johanson from “Talk Sex” to present March 16 at Case<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd8fsJgmPjMWSZnE3CgeW0zpnRel4jTlmtNn5RAqQrOvz6gD3rGpVM2Qt1trsfBhOUE8y18Szu7n0mhfRutv_hGmykvZ5RVbifjCbqH1_qoKcg6rgAmZLtG17qm0AVmmFKHBq_ZIKS2IY/s1600/talk+sex.jpg"><br /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJHxHsHbDDSYTESIl0tbJxeGRFbvNtSbX1d_29ZIAOWfCstgICi1aFPnZfMlfXch4CyZmthJgm77IK2G96DeeMmm3zXE0NlTNZ8OOkQ-LGfknhBxLxIKr_bUNT8ZAVmK5E45rPXNwuLCg/s1600/sexist+woman+on+tv.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 302px; height: 453px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJHxHsHbDDSYTESIl0tbJxeGRFbvNtSbX1d_29ZIAOWfCstgICi1aFPnZfMlfXch4CyZmthJgm77IK2G96DeeMmm3zXE0NlTNZ8OOkQ-LGfknhBxLxIKr_bUNT8ZAVmK5E45rPXNwuLCg/s400/sexist+woman+on+tv.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5584403930750253794" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sue_Johanson">Sue Johanson</a> from </span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" >Talk Sex with Sue Johanson</span><span style="font-size:100%;"> is making one of her final debuts on Wednesday evening on the Case campus at <a href="http://upb.case.edu/uncategorized/upb-presents-sue-johanson/">Strosacker Auditorium</a>!<br /><br />Sue first appeared on the radio with a talk show about sex, and then branched out to community access television, and then, in 1996, her show became a national show on the Women's Television Network (WTN).<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd8fsJgmPjMWSZnE3CgeW0zpnRel4jTlmtNn5RAqQrOvz6gD3rGpVM2Qt1trsfBhOUE8y18Szu7n0mhfRutv_hGmykvZ5RVbifjCbqH1_qoKcg6rgAmZLtG17qm0AVmmFKHBq_ZIKS2IY/s1600/talk+sex.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 348px; height: 236px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhd8fsJgmPjMWSZnE3CgeW0zpnRel4jTlmtNn5RAqQrOvz6gD3rGpVM2Qt1trsfBhOUE8y18Szu7n0mhfRutv_hGmykvZ5RVbifjCbqH1_qoKcg6rgAmZLtG17qm0AVmmFKHBq_ZIKS2IY/s400/talk+sex.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5584404605618883954" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /><br />Sue’s show came to U.S. viewers in 2002 as </span><span style="font-style: italic;font-size:100%;" >Talk Sex with Sue Johanson</span><span style="font-size:100%;">, produced especially for American audiences and debuted in November 2002 on the <a href="http://oxygen.com/tvshows/SJO/">Oxygen Media</a>. It wrapped in May 2008, but Sue has been on the lecture circuit since, largely at colleges and universities.<br /><br />Johanson’s interactive lecture begins at 7:00PM, to be followed by with a Q and A session. The event is sponsored by the University Program Board at Case. For more details, visit the UPB <a href="http://upb.case.edu/uncategorized/upb-presents-sue-johanson/">website</a> or call 216.368.2438<br /><br />Jim Edmonson<br /></span></div>James Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15433405959092555269noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-54435866565478003032011-03-01T11:06:00.000-08:002011-03-01T11:16:58.085-08:00Joanna Ebenstein presents Anatomical Venuses at the Dittrick tonight<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqD6Wv1bH3hxAyWtpnMQA3qR0x5TxzS1qnKdlX8326-ZodGyZydb_Gb3uJH86zUkAqu83rW0AZO3_aAsJin8rM6uO52sTcoPficgAD2yXzc8bWaU7bw2oQeabGd5tZLxQMAZlvBOohmuc/s1600/Joanna-cropped.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 348px; height: 503px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqD6Wv1bH3hxAyWtpnMQA3qR0x5TxzS1qnKdlX8326-ZodGyZydb_Gb3uJH86zUkAqu83rW0AZO3_aAsJin8rM6uO52sTcoPficgAD2yXzc8bWaU7bw2oQeabGd5tZLxQMAZlvBOohmuc/s400/Joanna-cropped.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5579190304486847842" border="0" /></a>March 1, 2011 <span style="font-family:arial;"><br /><br />In April 2007 Joanna Ebenstein created a fascinating blog, <a href="http://morbidanatomy.blogspot.com/">Morbid Anatomy</a>, where she has since been "surveying the interstices of art and medicine, death and culture." Medical museum and collections, like the Dittrick, provide much of the content for Morbid Anatomy. But Ebenstein has cast her net still further, exploring arcane museums and curious collections across Europe and the UK.<br /><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY9ZOMiWP-kqaJOnrABE6LXTuvONjwgxN8EsL1MEyTFyZnPrcgeNG22B9Y_CAj9Jz5kXzeamvWnIN5_Iz8cc-SgoVKCWK7CA2efiEZxWZbFjo8oIGQGfZ_0HzNrURbek3fjbQbklr_JOk/s1600/Jim+and+Joanna+at+Alain+Brieux.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 300px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY9ZOMiWP-kqaJOnrABE6LXTuvONjwgxN8EsL1MEyTFyZnPrcgeNG22B9Y_CAj9Jz5kXzeamvWnIN5_Iz8cc-SgoVKCWK7CA2efiEZxWZbFjo8oIGQGfZ_0HzNrURbek3fjbQbklr_JOk/s400/Jim+and+Joanna+at+Alain+Brieux.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5579191942201830818" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-family:arial;"><br />I've known Joanna for some time now (seen here in Paris in 2009) and followed Morbid Anatomy with constant interest and fascination. Join us tonight for her presentation at 6:00PM, in the Powell Room of the Allen Medical Library, followed by a reception at 7:00PM in the Dittrick Museum.<br /><br />Jim Edmonson<br /><br /><br /></span>James Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15433405959092555269noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-609481500044607032011-02-19T20:12:00.001-08:002011-02-22T08:30:14.503-08:00James Ist touch piece<style>@font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Times"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }h1 { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 24pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }span.Heading1Char { font-family: Times; font-weight: bold; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; </style> <h1 style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-weight: normal;font-family:Arial;font-size:14pt;" > </span></h1><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" >Wonders never cease when working with the rich artifact collection of the Dittrick.</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" >For a class on the history of epidemic disease, I went looking for some votives to make a link between faith and healing.</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:130%;" > </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:130%;" ><span style="font-family:arial;">I knew we had an archival container with small stamped metal votives from the twentieth century, but was surprised when I opened a small jewelry box and found a solid gold coin.</span></span><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv-8v3ieP152ryccHR_vasEA_pzfwzS1qsoO5iPYvS-HQFsUzsX-ruPHiSyBK_BRsZJic9xHQ5TZfmGGde8qh7sRraExIXubJAjj01akzef-atD9fJz6W_syvFal0e-owR6h0s8JdcNoA/s1600/452px-James_VI_and_I.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 389px; height: 515px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhv-8v3ieP152ryccHR_vasEA_pzfwzS1qsoO5iPYvS-HQFsUzsX-ruPHiSyBK_BRsZJic9xHQ5TZfmGGde8qh7sRraExIXubJAjj01akzef-atD9fJz6W_syvFal0e-owR6h0s8JdcNoA/s400/452px-James_VI_and_I.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5575629812273408866" border="0" /></a><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span><span style="font-size:130%;"> </span><span style="font-size:130%;"> </span> </div><h1 style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-weight: normal;font-size:130%;" > </span></h1><div style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"> </div><h1 style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-weight: normal;font-size:130%;" > </span></h1><div face="arial" style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-weight: normal;font-size:130%;" >Our accession records revealed that this artifact is a “touch piece” from the reign of James I of England. (He had originally been James VI of Scotland, succeeding his mother, Mary, Queen of Scots; under his reign the kingdoms of Scotland and England were united, hence the term United Kingdom, which he ruled from 1603 until his death in 1625.) So this coin was clearly quite old, and possibly had an intriguing history.<span style=""> </span>There is also a very personal connection here, but I will save that to the end.</span><br /><br /><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs2MajuXydCxPcT88LDFbFYbbNLr_fv-St1iwsIFPsF6r8HepVE8eNszAYlopIPVJuaLlWphFMSeAevB_SB-bS9wvE-_nSmCU4KfcD2Io6FmSgpXJAFRIQbG4rHtwF92hU-ayjgD0UKBw/s1600/ts.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 317px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhs2MajuXydCxPcT88LDFbFYbbNLr_fv-St1iwsIFPsF6r8HepVE8eNszAYlopIPVJuaLlWphFMSeAevB_SB-bS9wvE-_nSmCU4KfcD2Io6FmSgpXJAFRIQbG4rHtwF92hU-ayjgD0UKBw/s400/ts.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5575620121008000034" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-size:100%;"> </span> </div><h1 style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-weight: normal;font-size:100%;" > </span></h1><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </div><h1 style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-weight: normal;font-size:100%;" > </span></h1><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"> <style>@font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }</style> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Henry IV of France touching King’s evil sufferers.<span style=""> </span>From André<span style=""> </span>Du Laurens, <i style="">De mirabili strumas sanandi vi solis Galliae regibus...</i>. Paris, 1609.</span></span><br /><br /></p> <p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">The Dittrick’s “touch piece,” comprised a token given to persons who experienced the “king’s touch,” a healing gesture practiced by kings of England from c.1275 to the end of the Stuart royalty, which concluded with Queen Anne in 1714. In France this practice lasted until 1789. Our British coin is an Angel, in circulation from 1465 to 1642; during the time of James I it was valued at eleven shillings (11s) or 132 pence.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRlYQDVfACksjjVUm1yPUvwCUMS_RyMB_1npEWtT7we-WIz3FjcZhrp1Br75lCD5XoFHJ0-jSgaa40UyVTBTifapZCsOnjV-rTV_LIRBpOcoZWTMS4uj69JzcUhPaTRqEJfITtpXfZAto/s1600/1117-side-a.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 399px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRlYQDVfACksjjVUm1yPUvwCUMS_RyMB_1npEWtT7we-WIz3FjcZhrp1Br75lCD5XoFHJ0-jSgaa40UyVTBTifapZCsOnjV-rTV_LIRBpOcoZWTMS4uj69JzcUhPaTRqEJfITtpXfZAto/s400/1117-side-a.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5575619981841806898" border="0" /></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /><span style=""> </span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"> </span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"> </span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">On the obverse, or face, the coin bears the figure of the Archangel Michael slaying the dragon, and around the edge is the inscription <i style="">Jacobus. D. G. Mag. Brit. Franc. & Hib. Rex.<span style=""> </span></i>On the reverse, or back, one finds a ship on the waves, with its sail bearing royal heraldry, and inscribed on the edge <i style="">Domino factum est istud.<br /></i></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizuNAs_FVqrfgFu3dHrczLtNx7G9jgUrqqbAiAr1dL-ZeiZlGWwYiyaokt4haWfmUJhNWcRbkdf0XEK7llUOUPWwLKjlnfVLvxYYjfdhhs9U0QZh5pAGerwZ5yJVOMgp7Iae23H8y0NQo/s1600/1117-side-b.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 395px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizuNAs_FVqrfgFu3dHrczLtNx7G9jgUrqqbAiAr1dL-ZeiZlGWwYiyaokt4haWfmUJhNWcRbkdf0XEK7llUOUPWwLKjlnfVLvxYYjfdhhs9U0QZh5pAGerwZ5yJVOMgp7Iae23H8y0NQo/s400/1117-side-b.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5575619876593649554" border="0" /></a></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><i style=""><br /></i></span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"> </span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"> </span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">A hole pierces the coin for insertion of a ribbon so that the supplicant<span style=""> </span>might wear the coin after the being blessedly “cured.”<span style=""> </span>Scrofula, or the “King’s evil” comprises the disease most closely associated with this healing ritual.<span style=""> </span>It is a variant of tuberculosis that most commonly affected lymph nodes in the face and neck.<span style=""> </span>In the English court, this practice ended with the succession of the Hanoverians, but in Scotland the Stuart “pretenders” continued it into the eighteenth century.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"> <style>@font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }</style> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family:Arial;">The royalist John Evelyn described the ceremony as performed by Charles II in a diary entry dated 16 July 1660:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p> <span style="font-style: italic; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;font-size:12pt;" >His Majesty began first to touch for ye evil, according to custom, thus:<span style=""> </span>….the chirurgeons cause the sick to be brought or led up to the throne, where they <span style=""> </span>kneeling, ye King stokes their faces and cheeks with both his hands at once,…. When they have all been totched [sic],… the other chapelaine kneeling and having an angel of gold strung on white ribbon on his arme., delivers them one by one to His Majestie, who puts them about the necks of the touched as they passe….</span> <p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"> </span></p><div style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" >Now here’s the personal kicker: my daughter had scrofula when she was just 18 months old.<span style=""> </span>Clinically speaking, she had <i style="">atypical Mycobacterium avium</i> <i style="">complex</i>, an infection usually seen in individuals with compromised immune systems.</span><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" > </span><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">We were bewildered and scared, but had a great pediatrician who held our hands through the ordeal. Because of her age, anti TB drugs really were not an option; s</span><span style="font-family:arial;">urgery was indicated and a wonderful (and perfectionist) pediatric surgeon dealt with the infection.</span><span style="font-family:arial;"> </span><span style="font-family:arial;">It was like living in the nineteenth century, and believe me, you don’t want to be there with a sick child.</span><span style="font-family:arial;"> </span><span style="font-family:arial;">“Living history” has its place, but not when it comes to illness and disease!</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:14pt;" ><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" >Jim Edmonson</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" face="arial" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="">For further reading see:</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" face="arial" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" face="arial" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="">The Royal Cure for the King's Evil. <span style="font-style: italic;">British Medical Journal</span> May 13, 1899: 1182-84.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: times new roman;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: times new roman;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="">Frank Barlow, The King's Evil. <span style="font-style: italic;">English Historical Review</span> 95 (Jan, 1980): 3-27.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:85%;" ><span style="font-family:arial;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" >A touch pieces may be seen on display in the Science Museum (South Kensington, London, UK) in The Science and Art of Medicine <a href="http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects/ethnography_and_folk_medicine/A641047.aspx">gallery</a> and on their <a href="http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/images/I024/10285148.aspx">website</a>. And one surfaced in a <a href="http://historicjamestowne.org/the_dig/dig_2007_10_26.php">dig</a> at Jamestown, Virginia.</span><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0.1pt 0in; text-align: justify;"><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:14pt;" ><span style=";font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" ><br /></span><span style=""> </span></span></p>James Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15433405959092555269noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-3841847332713060012011-01-31T13:45:00.001-08:002011-02-01T21:03:00.791-08:00Condom Week 2011<p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Helvetica;font-size:130%;" >From its inception, the condom has been a morally ambiguous object. Does it serve to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted disease, or is its chief function birth control?<span style=""> </span>Well, either or both, actually.<span style=""> </span>Its meaning and significance are socially constructed.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Helvetica;font-size:130%;" ><br /></span></p><div style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> </div><p style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" class="MsoNormal"><span style=";font-family:Helvetica;font-size:130%;" > </span></p><div style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style=";font-family:Helvetica;font-size:130%;" >For the Handerson Lecture by Alexandra Lord on January 27, we prepared an exhibit of WPA era anti VD posters, 1937-43, curated by CIA biomedical art student Stephen Beuhrer.<span style=""> </span>Additionally, Dittrick staff mounted a display of condom containers from the <a href="http://www.case.edu/affil/skuyhistcontraception/index.html">Skuy Collection</a> dating from this period and these artifacts document important changes in condom manufacture and marketing.<span style=""> </span>The 1930s and 1940s witnessed the rise of latex condoms, the beginnings of FDA testing, and a consequent shake-up of the condom making trade, leaving Julius Schmid and Youngs Rubber as dominant in the American marketplace.</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><br /></span></div><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsD5VrW7Ni3ZPnxbW9xx7Ouz1xFYVTzn1d5dO0l3m0_Prjq69DLHleXQGPxDsfmsA4ftwEfmXVqGAvweFOrwWhyECR51FffbAqrTZJDSqZ-2wuvf7ISOzFzrDpl2nbYC-YckkNISysWec/s1600/220px-Surgeon_Sage_Says.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 409px; height: 559px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsD5VrW7Ni3ZPnxbW9xx7Ouz1xFYVTzn1d5dO0l3m0_Prjq69DLHleXQGPxDsfmsA4ftwEfmXVqGAvweFOrwWhyECR51FffbAqrTZJDSqZ-2wuvf7ISOzFzrDpl2nbYC-YckkNISysWec/s400/220px-Surgeon_Sage_Says.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5568537949086026482" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style=";font-family:Helvetica;font-size:130%;" >During World War I American soldiers and sailors were counseled to keep clean and abstinent on their furloughs.<span style=""> </span>If and when they had sex, they were issued small “Dough-boy Prophylactic” kits containing<span style=""> </span>mercurial ointment for post-coital cleanup. </span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><br /></span></div><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv3_TCuikeCZeUvftOMNoS8OC7VxQPKnj8Z9MqJcTJUQZaNMX9AVdxFiK6HepK63xZyLZP0Z9lw4l3U8eORntcIMWLryk6b2iOBH2-Ut-E6Gximm228g_NmXG7mi45DFJ5JBmWUudCQx0/s1600/doughboy.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 157px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv3_TCuikeCZeUvftOMNoS8OC7VxQPKnj8Z9MqJcTJUQZaNMX9AVdxFiK6HepK63xZyLZP0Z9lw4l3U8eORntcIMWLryk6b2iOBH2-Ut-E6Gximm228g_NmXG7mi45DFJ5JBmWUudCQx0/s400/doughboy.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5568537774280687602" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style=";font-family:Helvetica;font-size:130%;" >More widespread use of the condom began with a landmark case involving Margaret Sanger and the first birth control clinic in Brooklyn, New York.<span style=""> </span>In 1918 Judge Frederick Crane of the court of appeals of New York affirmed the legality of contraceptives used for disease prevention. <span style=""> </span>Before that time the Comstock Act had effectively criminalized birth control, including the condom, by banning the distribution of contraceptive information. The Crane decision neutralized the Comstock Act, at least with regard to condoms.</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><br /></span></div><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6jQVLAhX0qwn8hu-t6D1IKO-uoZ7EPyeK4EvEaUrEcNMufgaRriA070dqQvtpbAjoKx9cMlMh99okYg7-xtHctzvJlihMxd_tjkg6v8mN4-5tWRzFx72nVxYhacFSEP9BRSGK3RsPxjc/s1600/Sanger+at+court.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 393px; height: 574px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6jQVLAhX0qwn8hu-t6D1IKO-uoZ7EPyeK4EvEaUrEcNMufgaRriA070dqQvtpbAjoKx9cMlMh99okYg7-xtHctzvJlihMxd_tjkg6v8mN4-5tWRzFx72nVxYhacFSEP9BRSGK3RsPxjc/s400/Sanger+at+court.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5568537630784354994" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style=";font-family:Helvetica;font-size:130%;" >This gave condom makers their marketing slant in the 1920s and 30s: stress the disease preventive qualities of the condom, with only a wink at its contraceptive purpose.<span style=""> </span>And make them available only through “ethical” druggists.</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:Helvetica;font-size:130%;" >Julius Schmid, a German immigrant, first started making condoms (both skin sheaths and rubbers) during the black market era of Comstock.<span style=""> </span>By 1930 he could openly register the trademark names<span style=""> </span>Ramses and Sheik with the U.S. Patent Office, and the condom business made him a millionare.<span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><br /></span></div><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBxBj17Ctuaga_Td6wTO3ymXfImHEC_3s68Dn7An7iK_FCG2fVdct5NWnZczx-Pi-wO1y1IPZXuQH67UE4qRfBkuFDnsE6MBG5saQ2XBDtpmKa8DcH328x5TAkbcHPRAsIyPEDsz8GhCo/s1600/2010-032-003a.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 292px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBxBj17Ctuaga_Td6wTO3ymXfImHEC_3s68Dn7An7iK_FCG2fVdct5NWnZczx-Pi-wO1y1IPZXuQH67UE4qRfBkuFDnsE6MBG5saQ2XBDtpmKa8DcH328x5TAkbcHPRAsIyPEDsz8GhCo/s400/2010-032-003a.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5568536931512984274" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh51SrmRq8mmZXOOvAUk4Ercsne0xOC7RhWFBcd6yWsPF9IxWAEIHy5onX0ihdR1URTCb34ymi8prQ1YKBGheWRQTQy_rXxeK8UGXHrK5za5KX7uRe_nyx5Q7nfebFL-SBYy09dAL48caw/s1600/2010-032-003b.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 307px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh51SrmRq8mmZXOOvAUk4Ercsne0xOC7RhWFBcd6yWsPF9IxWAEIHy5onX0ihdR1URTCb34ymi8prQ1YKBGheWRQTQy_rXxeK8UGXHrK5za5KX7uRe_nyx5Q7nfebFL-SBYy09dAL48caw/s400/2010-032-003b.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5568536856306482082" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB8H1JFBsux6bUGrVW6YPNAZaWVbojHyJkoTooNKp0UWccOiQ28VPkXA13sARUi7OfeMVlpb44RyRrQEKBcUOERSbpX3V0Qoqd-ONx3MM1dr76ljrtYvtMbKs6tuMyMiehyADB3Swd0qU/s1600/2010-032-004c.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 392px; height: 574px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhB8H1JFBsux6bUGrVW6YPNAZaWVbojHyJkoTooNKp0UWccOiQ28VPkXA13sARUi7OfeMVlpb44RyRrQEKBcUOERSbpX3V0Qoqd-ONx3MM1dr76ljrtYvtMbKs6tuMyMiehyADB3Swd0qU/s400/2010-032-004c.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5568536716055519106" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJJET2u6_5l7l1f-aziNr-dEEMBh73wmP5sUMBVF1WoY0_HcPwBr9aDcC-5eEnqzomAwpdF1QP1-pmpbjlGTvpRdz64Sw3dQaAXkWdGVddm9DUG8dc2jcQnb9yb55_AJxWzm5AKjt5x5s/s1600/2004020054.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 271px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJJET2u6_5l7l1f-aziNr-dEEMBh73wmP5sUMBVF1WoY0_HcPwBr9aDcC-5eEnqzomAwpdF1QP1-pmpbjlGTvpRdz64Sw3dQaAXkWdGVddm9DUG8dc2jcQnb9yb55_AJxWzm5AKjt5x5s/s400/2004020054.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5568536607034243826" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style=";font-family:Helvetica;font-size:130%;" ><span style=""> </span>The imagery of<span style=""> </span>Egypt and Saudi Arabia might well have been inspired by the popularity of Rudolph Valentino and his dashing role in <i style="">The Sheik</i> (1921).</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><br /></span></div><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMwXkP4EaDsE8VN1xZU9Tr3YyCVRYuajqnGlyNjxki-vP9vHhbIt0qIOJp7ve2fnok01asYeYnY_yszMT6cIc7-j18jsIRLhumrm0FZfgO5WCtvBOcc6bSls8fh8W4OVAKzYvjRm7zh08/s1600/The_Sheik_Poster_1921.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 403px; height: 613px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMwXkP4EaDsE8VN1xZU9Tr3YyCVRYuajqnGlyNjxki-vP9vHhbIt0qIOJp7ve2fnok01asYeYnY_yszMT6cIc7-j18jsIRLhumrm0FZfgO5WCtvBOcc6bSls8fh8W4OVAKzYvjRm7zh08/s400/The_Sheik_Poster_1921.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5568536394933331106" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style=";font-family:Helvetica;font-size:130%;" >Youngs Rubber began condom manufacture in 1916, started selling Trojan condoms in 1920, and trademarked the brand in 1927. A tough battle in the courts to protect the Trojan brand effectively legitimized condoms for disease prevention. </span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><br /></span></div><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Helvetica;font-size:130%;" ><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb6garunuqfZaI03Os8Rug_3jPEJTyqR5RInZutNROedfV6uRJ32cLYu-bP9lsQbS07p09Hvdt_Mpl8nJDutK461SxFHV0GRYT7FsK1pcVucT6CZwRWGvEzfkh0f72jIEJ020yestVEA4/s1600/improved-trojans.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 420px; height: 329px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgb6garunuqfZaI03Os8Rug_3jPEJTyqR5RInZutNROedfV6uRJ32cLYu-bP9lsQbS07p09Hvdt_Mpl8nJDutK461SxFHV0GRYT7FsK1pcVucT6CZwRWGvEzfkh0f72jIEJ020yestVEA4/s400/improved-trojans.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5568746918198562210" border="0" /></a><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjATjtENWL7z-ruJkBhhegzY1GF4SGR5MjTDSBSWRXpUCKA-Kbbi8bah6z_wyg4v3X3_IdvsrWBioi71WzsoNt1E8XihfgOhRiytvuzjdUd7Hiat6IOGho6RUzzo7CP0zzBICCVfupzGy0/s1600/Trojan+insert+center.jpg"><br /></a><span style=";font-family:Helvetica;font-size:130%;" >Youngs marketed the Trojan line in pharmaceutical journals, guaranteeing the highest product quality among condom makers.<span style=""> </span>In 1933 Youngs adopted machinery designed by Frederick Killian of Akron for mass production of latex condoms on a conveyor line. Latex (milky liquid tapped from rubber trees) condoms quickly emerged as viable rival to rubber products.</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><br /></span></div><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHssLmvNrwHNIxitj03o_kNcUgzhCbVSxFyvXiggdzsxB8PopcV3-XL6RuLMmdJoSMnCvMvoXJFfAbcQSfqCSegObxpb97KBG719PrGUMj0vIbSQLVwVCJGf_tB8qK40rI278I6jgJChY/s1600/buy-druggist.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 282px; height: 455px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHssLmvNrwHNIxitj03o_kNcUgzhCbVSxFyvXiggdzsxB8PopcV3-XL6RuLMmdJoSMnCvMvoXJFfAbcQSfqCSegObxpb97KBG719PrGUMj0vIbSQLVwVCJGf_tB8qK40rI278I6jgJChY/s400/buy-druggist.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5568746704606881154" border="0" /></a><a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf8ATaFz_LVGmr5O6qRvbeg46copdZOKyMTOC3JWTeIa9Ed9OlPwlX8-qV4BW0vyh7_zEbUv1874B0dUrzUP-2Q5VTlZjPPKKYeMJAQ0fwq8kpfcaBbhQ3zwELxkkskzPD3yYSzmvqBFQ/s1600/buy+only+from+your+druggist.jpg"><br /></a><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span><div style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style=";font-family:Helvetica;font-size:130%;" >A real turning point, coincident with the WPA era anti-syphilis campaign by the U.S. Public Health Service and the American Social Hygiene Association, came with FDA testing of condoms.<span style=""> </span>In 1937 FDA announced intent to begin inspections, which commenced in January 1938.<span style=""> </span>Quickly, the leaders Schmid and Youngs rose above other brands, buoyed by their superior product and quality control.<span style=""> </span>Arthur Youngs of the Trojan brand introduced a condom producing machine that did testing as an integral part of the manufacturing process.</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-family:Helvetica;font-size:130%;" > Many condoms made by other companies, notably Texide and Dean, had an unacceptable failure rate, leading to the cessation of production by those companies between 1938 and 1941. That effectively left the field to industry giants Schmid and Youngs.</span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><br /></span></div><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><br /><a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0ehBUpXv29iReNcRnJwPT748vUJBTnYm2RxU4l2crXtHJHXYVdp6NgPaEt7oIJP2y-GXHmr72t5a8_YptacQojCX7OyTNG6ZpfAvTHXqoEVAd5YoqLLgZ29zhcIEBcY24PGS0kp9d58Q/s1600/2009fic006-2.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 445px; height: 345px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0ehBUpXv29iReNcRnJwPT748vUJBTnYm2RxU4l2crXtHJHXYVdp6NgPaEt7oIJP2y-GXHmr72t5a8_YptacQojCX7OyTNG6ZpfAvTHXqoEVAd5YoqLLgZ29zhcIEBcY24PGS0kp9d58Q/s400/2009fic006-2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5568469754684994418" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /><a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggEeuOm56urynvFkB_Mxba3bkh1cWSnmByyEZe8T2JD15-1s1qhRKjK4JNHzZ_nhEfeXPjYTobKnz3CVGtlrDrSlbNU7pvb9BUibGjFA6f0CirRPg8RYrhP6LiKwhJJd7nqbas4LKY3DI/s1600/2010-032-005a.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 311px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggEeuOm56urynvFkB_Mxba3bkh1cWSnmByyEZe8T2JD15-1s1qhRKjK4JNHzZ_nhEfeXPjYTobKnz3CVGtlrDrSlbNU7pvb9BUibGjFA6f0CirRPg8RYrhP6LiKwhJJd7nqbas4LKY3DI/s400/2010-032-005a.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5568469675295177762" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-size:130%;"><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJQBpcs5V8BXDqMvTtMw9EZSI7bZCc1eflmmQJi_woNgTLdA98-H3d1HFWLnv79bXxPyB1taEJbgUFAE0qVpfEhMDE7L9d27rCMKVYEkk4n2PQin7N-EvzftsGR58DrjJvBfZFZ3NYE5E/s1600/Apris.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 271px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJQBpcs5V8BXDqMvTtMw9EZSI7bZCc1eflmmQJi_woNgTLdA98-H3d1HFWLnv79bXxPyB1taEJbgUFAE0qVpfEhMDE7L9d27rCMKVYEkk4n2PQin7N-EvzftsGR58DrjJvBfZFZ3NYE5E/s400/Apris.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5568746776075657154" border="0" /></a><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">Celebrating Condom Week at the Dittrick.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">Just around the corner we have a couple of events for Condom Week 2011. On Monday February 14 Science Cafe Cleveland wlll present <a style="font-style: italic;" href="http://www.case.edu/affil/sigmaxi/February2011Event.html">Cloaking Cupid's Arrow</a><span style="font-style: italic;">: contraception and reproductive science</span> at Great Lakes Brewing Co. I'll be talking about the history of contraception and my friend Tony Tizzano, M.D., will discuss contemporary reproductive science and technology. Join us! Drinks start at 6:30PM in the Tasting Room of GLBC at 2701 Carroll Avenue, off West 25th near the Westside Market. Program starts at 7:00PM</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">And earlier in the day on the 14th, tune into <a href="http://www.ideastream.org/soi">The Sound of Ideas</a> on WCPN, Cleveland's NPR affiliate. Tony and I will discuss the history and science of contraception. Listen to the <a href="http://www.ideastream.org/players/wcpn_64">live audiostream</a> on 90.3 FM beginning at 9:00AM.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZJvIuF0CjcF_YzKs61owLg3atbzDHXLsZSSa2PgpwVVKAMDcHqCG4QrKXg0uMTzlReKKyyFtdp0FRU3BbNqJlLIgoutNOkwd0OkrtMoT_146AsegYr5abCEXm-0OXGAKwSDcEieBtlAw/s1600/rubberband.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 331px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZJvIuF0CjcF_YzKs61owLg3atbzDHXLsZSSa2PgpwVVKAMDcHqCG4QrKXg0uMTzlReKKyyFtdp0FRU3BbNqJlLIgoutNOkwd0OkrtMoT_146AsegYr5abCEXm-0OXGAKwSDcEieBtlAw/s400/rubberband.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5568544721526054450" border="0" /></a></span></p><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;font-size:100%;" ><br /><br /></span><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">Then, on Saturday February 19 Planned Parenthood of Northeast Ohio is hosting National Condom Week Party at the Dittrick, from 6 to 8 PM. See the PPNEO website for <a href="http://www.plannedparenthood.org/ppneo/event-center.htm">details</a>.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Jim Edmonson</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;">p.s. - there's plenty written on the condom, but not much good cultural history. Here are some exceptionally thoughtful and interesting offerings:</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; font-family: arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <style>@font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }</style> </p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="">Joshua Gamson, "Rubber Wars: Struggles over the Condom in the United States," <i style="">Journal of the History of Sexuality</i> <span style="">1 </span>(1990): 262-282.<br /></span></span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style=""><br /></span></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style=""> </span></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="">Paul Jobling, "Playing Safe: The Politics of Pleasure and Gender in the Promotion of Condoms in Britain." <i style="">Journal of Design History</i> <span style="">10 (1997)</span>: 53-70.<br /></span></span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style=""><br /></span></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;"> </span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:arial;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:100%;">Andrea Tone, <i style="">Devices and Desires: A History of Contraceptives in America</i> (2001), esp. Chap. 8: Condom Kings<span style=""> </span>pp.183-202.</span></p> <p style="font-family: arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Helvetica;"><br /></span></p>James Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15433405959092555269noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2764297691166152797.post-11161138611631439552011-01-19T13:05:00.000-08:002011-01-24T12:29:22.392-08:00Sleeping with Uncle Sam<style>@font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }</style> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Sex education.<span style=""> </span>For most Americans, these two simple words conjure up diverse images: the gym, the inept health teacher, the snickers, the embarrassment, and, most important, the confusion.<span style=""> </span>Alexandra Lord will explore this topic at the Dittrick on Thursday January 27.<span style=""> </span><a href="http://www.cwru.edu/artsci/dittrick/museum/events/Handerson-2011.html">Her lecture, </a><span style="font-style: italic;"><a href="http://www.cwru.edu/artsci/dittrick/museum/events/Handerson-2011.html">Sleeping With Uncle Sam</a>: Federally Funded S</span></span><span style="font-family:Arial;"><span style="font-style: italic;">ex Education and the American Public</span> documents a century long struggle to create sex education programs balancing both cultural and public</span><span style="font-family:Arial;"> health concerns.<span style=""> </span>In doing so, she will explore how a</span><span style="font-family:Arial;">nd why sex education<span style=""> </span>-- a teenage rite of passage in America -- became such an explosive topic.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgue8djhPEp7A2WPCg-D2DsdrInrThY2SRE-WN1wkRKYF7nloO8fQxSZQZFTaLb_kZP87JQW1hyphenhyphen-D_QJ6txpok7E1nPv7HD0y56S1XRg-E7_rCKybqZyNREaFdCv0zFrOw-rsjjxNcRyzQ/s1600/lexi.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 195px; height: 247px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgue8djhPEp7A2WPCg-D2DsdrInrThY2SRE-WN1wkRKYF7nloO8fQxSZQZFTaLb_kZP87JQW1hyphenhyphen-D_QJ6txpok7E1nPv7HD0y56S1XRg-E7_rCKybqZyNREaFdCv0zFrOw-rsjjxNcRyzQ/s400/lexi.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5564007895869733570" border="0" /></a></span></p> <style>@font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }</style> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Alexandra Lord (PhD, University of Wisconsin) taught medical history and served as historian of the United States Public Health Service through 2007.<span style=""> </span>In January 2008, she became the Branch Chief of the National Historic Landmarks Program, and serves on the Board of the National Council on Public History. Her latest book, <i style=""><a href="http://jhupbooks.press.jhu.edu/ecom/MasterServlet/GetItemDetailsHandler?iN=9780801893803&qty=1&source=2&viewMode=3&loggedIN=false&JavaScript=y">Condom Nation</a>: The U. S. Government’s Sex Education Campaign from World War I to the Age of the Internet </i><span style=""> </span>(Johns Hopkins, 2010) won awards from the British Medical Association as the best popular book on medicine and as the best book furthering public understanding of medicine and science.</span></p><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5bBKInTjpNj9cmT4uMSZ3UUFvZCcytp3usQ2AHV0VdJNBVWkJC_vJnbIZyHO-UZiXTLk_DNbFUKOCFY7aPAEfxpcSDNzYzR7s-aWeML3-dtDCSKcxca9YmAo1i0I6g5yLTkgGBckNNas/s1600/3b48847r.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 329px; height: 511px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5bBKInTjpNj9cmT4uMSZ3UUFvZCcytp3usQ2AHV0VdJNBVWkJC_vJnbIZyHO-UZiXTLk_DNbFUKOCFY7aPAEfxpcSDNzYzR7s-aWeML3-dtDCSKcxca9YmAo1i0I6g5yLTkgGBckNNas/s400/3b48847r.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5564007312418378226" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4OCBa7SSQtX6SLhpJGSIIPlpYx_dsjhQhTtFbAMN41TqgwGtYCjR_p0sQRrc97jkihmBNgItLVZ5GYYK2TYAlHIuW_UmBRRlAcgILdbNlSRWtDOaVzPPl-8JPP4IkHlXdeYOamM8Fbq0/s1600/3b48848r.jpg"><img style="display: block; 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margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 503px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSs1uyKfFW_kvKVB8s5baF9ivKHeypd84SejcS4H-aAAuIwJcQFiJUTWDta7U1Ak5F1qm_7S9MFuAkRsiYdPtE1ClyKe7AAaCzlWfI7VbIhuOBU9yX1g0xbjR6ATdxledoMNY8dWOILV8/s400/3b49555r.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5564006967918555986" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLhDnOdP2rsqUHcK5kjDB1SCWAfyHqP8Gs0Vogk_aMl5AYLa35s91oX9SJwnduNFQKhew0zWRP_hkOl_BjXsQlYH2qDPHwpSGsRVHlWGVTcVfYlQVwHEWzDuTdQWyQmdxqEd6o75xatPQ/s1600/3g04725v.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 321px; height: 400px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLhDnOdP2rsqUHcK5kjDB1SCWAfyHqP8Gs0Vogk_aMl5AYLa35s91oX9SJwnduNFQKhew0zWRP_hkOl_BjXsQlYH2qDPHwpSGsRVHlWGVTcVfYlQVwHEWzDuTdQWyQmdxqEd6o75xatPQ/s400/3g04725v.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5564006794235345170" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgllII2Gw_4VOGeAIYy5hK9W_8Iv2uxL7Y_o5lhieTuY4gKoyosAk9ezDIxcCHzOtSqe9OdZgTHv9ssZl0hYttKWJAHDnySfjEejxwqetf45ULJIi5NbdkQLoLkLoOOLrpkN6OS-BNUSSw/s1600/3f05580r.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 314px; height: 461px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgllII2Gw_4VOGeAIYy5hK9W_8Iv2uxL7Y_o5lhieTuY4gKoyosAk9ezDIxcCHzOtSqe9OdZgTHv9ssZl0hYttKWJAHDnySfjEejxwqetf45ULJIi5NbdkQLoLkLoOOLrpkN6OS-BNUSSw/s400/3f05580r.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5564006603828435298" border="0" /></a><br /> <style>@font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }@font-face { font-family: "Times"; }@font-face { font-family: "Cambria"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }h1 { margin: 24pt 0in 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 16pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(52, 90, 138); }span.Heading1Char { font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(52, 90, 138); font-weight: bold; }p.dek, li.dek, div.dek { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }</style> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;">Inspired by Alexandra Lord’s visit, the Dittrick staff, in association with CIA student Stephen Buehrer, has prepared a temporary exhibit, <i style="">The Art of Prevention: Venereal Disease Posters, 1935-1950 </i>in the Castele Gallery. The U. S. Public Health Service and </span><span style="font-family:Arial;">the privately operated American Social Hygiene Association, commissioned artists working under the WPA (Works Progress Administration) to design posters for their campaign against venereal disease.<span style=""> </span>The lithographed posters, mostly produced from 1936 to 1942, were distributed by state and local boards of health, and public health and safety programs. <span style=""> </span>Digital copies of posters came from the Library of Congress, the Wellcome Library, and the American Social Hygiene Association archive at the University of Minnesota.<span style=""> </span>The images seen here are from the Library of Congress.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:Arial;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"> <style>@font-face { font-family: "Arial"; }p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal { margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; }h1 { margin: 24pt 0in 0.0001pt; page-break-after: avoid; font-size: 16pt; font-family: "Times New Roman"; color: rgb(52, 90, 138); }span.Heading1Char { font-family: Calibri; color: rgb(52, 90, 138); font-weight: bold; }div.Section1 { page: Section1; }</style> </p><h1 style="margin: 0.1pt 0in;"><span style="font-weight: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;font-size:12pt;" >See also the online exhibit <a href="http://motherjones.com/politics/2010/05/us-army-std">The Enemy in Your Pants</a>. <span style=""> </span></span><span style="font-weight: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;font-size:12pt;" >The military’s decades-long war against STDs.<span style=""> </span>By Elizabeth Gettelman and Mark Murrmann.</span></h1><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:100%;"><span style="font-family:arial;">Jim Edmonson</span><br /></span><br /></p>James Edmonsonhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/15433405959092555269noreply@blogger.com1